[Gastroenterologic endoscopic ultrasonic examinations using a convex transducer]. / Gastroenterologiai endoscopos ultrahangvizsgálatok convex transducerrel.

Interest in endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has increased during the past fifteen years. Since few years new instrument have been produced, which was equipped with a small curved array transducer mounted in a front of the optic lens. The instrument, which is connected to a Hitachi ultrasonic scanner allows for duplex examination, colour flow imaging, and spectral analysis for measurement of flow velocity. Comparing to the recent unit with mechanical sector transducer, this instrument was equipped with a working channel, which allows to perform biopsies and define the TNM stages. The paper is discussed the evaluation of 55 patient data. This method developing worldwide quickly. By this new EUS technology there is a growing opportunity to substitute other either costly or more invasive methods, and using the TNM classification there is also possible to define whether the patient is suitable for curative surgical intervention or not.

Ischemic damage of the liver. Part I: In vitro investigation of the prevention of the ischemic lesion of the liver.

In an isolated rat liver perfusion system the effects of normothermal ischemia on hepatic functions were investigated. After 30 minutes of anoxy bile production and BSP elimination capacity of the liver are significantly reduced. The quantity of secreted "ascites" from the surface of the liver several times high after anoxic damage, while oxygen consumption, portal venous pressure and ammonia elimination do not differ significantly from the controls. Pretreatment with insulin plus glucose, isoproterenol, hypoxanthine, chlorpromazine and glucagon (5 micrograms/100 g i.v., or 0.2 mg/100 g s.c.) does not reduce noticeably the normothermal anoxic lesion of the liver Glucagon (50 micrograms/100 g i.v.), allopurinol, dibenzyline, ATP-MgCl2 and aspartic acid enhance significantly the ischemia-tolerance of liver in vitro.

Ischemic damage of the liver. Part II: In vivo investigation of the prevention of the ischemic lesion of the liver.

A new model for the study of ischemic liver lesion on rats has been worked out. Pretreatment with allopurinol, dibenzyline, methylprednisolone, glucagon, ATP-MgCl2 and aspartic acid reduced the overall mortality of ischemic liver injury. Administered after the anoxic hepatic lesion only glucagon and aspartic acid had beneficial effect on the survival rate. Under the influence of 30 minutes of normothermal ischemia the DNA synthetizing ability of the liver decreased. Aspartic acid, glucagon and ATP-MgCl2 significantly enhanced the regeneration of the ischemically damaged liver. These procedures might be suitable for donor pretreatment in liver transplantation, as well as for the treatment of other pathological states, causing a normothermal ischemia of the liver.

[The effect of ischemia on ascites secretion in the perfused rat liver]. / Wirkung der Ischämie aud die Aszitessekretion der perfundierten Rattenleber.

The ascites fluid secreted by the isolated perfused liver was studied in rats. The quantity of fluid appearing on the surface of the isolated perfused liver was independent of the pressure in the portal vein and could be raised by the amount of fluid flowing through the liver. Irrespective of the flow conditions, the ischaemic liver will produce more ascites than the intact liver und similar conditions. A rise of hepatic oncotic pressure will not reduce ascites production by the ischaemic liver. With respect to osmolarity there is no difference between the perfusing fluid and ascites. As regards the quantity of bilirubin secreted with ascites no significant difference was found between the control and the ischaemic group. The pertaining literature and the theories of ascites formation are discussed.

Herpes zoster and acute rejection crisis of renal homograft.

The case of a patient developing acute rejection crisis 8 months after transplantation in the prodromal stage of a herpes zoster infection is reported. The joint therapeutic measures resulted in suppression of rejection and control of the infection. Complications did not occur. The case suggests a definite association between the viral infection and acute homograft rejection. The case report is followed by a critical review of the pertinent literature.

Enzyme histochemical studies of the preserved rat liver.

The effect of depersolone, of the oxygenation of the perfusing solution and of phenoxybenzamine pretreatment has been studied in the isolated rat liver intermittently perfused with a solution containing low molecular weight dextran at 4 degrees C. The use in liver preservation of Collins' C3-solution and of a special albumin-containing solution was tested. The behaviour of acid and alkaline phosphatase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase in the preserved liver was followed by means of histochemical methods allowing semi-quantitative evaluation. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine and perfusion by an albumin-containing solution reduced the lesion of the liver, while prednisolone and oxygenation of the perfusion solution improved preserving effect only moderately.