ABSTRACT
A review of the current literature on the possible use of mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in the treatment of mental (including addictive) disorders is conducted. The possibility of its use to reduce negative psychopathological symptoms, neurocognitive deficit, manifestations of the antipsychotic syndrome (including its extrapyramidal disorders) in antipsychotic treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and insomnia disorders in the complex therapy of borderline mental disorders has been shown. The potential of mexidol in the treatment of addictive pathology, as well as the effects of intoxication caused by alcohol and other psychoactive (including narcotic) substances, deserves special attention.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia , Antipsychotic Agents , Humans , PicolinesABSTRACT
The protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the development of depressive states in rat models were studied. Three episodes of intermittent preconditioning using hypobaric hypoxia (360 mmHg, 2 h) prevented the onset of depressive behavioral reactions, hyperfunction of the hypophyseal-adrenal system, and impairments in its suppression in the dexamethasone test in rats following unavoidable aversive stress in a model of endogenous depression. The anxiolytic and antidepressant actions of hypoxic preconditioning in experiments on rats were no less marked than those of the tetracyclic antidepressant ludiomil. The results obtained here provide evidence that preconditioning with intermittent hypobaric hypoxia increases resistance to psychoemotional stresses, has marked anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, and can be used for the prophylaxis of depressive episodes.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/therapy , Hypoxia, Brain/physiopathology , Ischemic Preconditioning/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Atmospheric Pressure , Corticosterone/blood , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Male , Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the development of depressive states in rat experimental models has been studied. Three-trial preconditioning by repetitive hypobaric hypoxia (360 mm Hg, 2h) prevented triggering of behavioral depression, pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and impairment of negative feedback in dexamethasone test in rats following inescapable aversive stress in the model of endogenous depression. Anxyolytic and antidepressant-like effect of the hypoxic preconditioning was not less than that of tetracyclic antidepressant ludiomil. The findings reveal that the preconditioning by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia increases tolerance to psychoemotional stress, possesses potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and might be applied for prevention of depressive episodes.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Depressive Disorder/prevention & control , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Animals , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stress, Psychological/complications , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The study was undertaken to examine dispersion of the complex electric resistance and capacitive impedance of limb muscular tissue in the frequency range of 1 to 100 kHz in acute circulatory hypoxia caused by blood exfusion from the common carotid artery at 10-50% of the circulatory blood volume (CBV) at the same time local blood flow and oxygen tension in muscles were measured. Blood loss of 10-30% of CBV resulted in increased muscular tissue electric conductivity. Decompensated blood loss was characterized by a steady growth of complex electric resistance and capacitive impedance. There were the greatest changes in electric conductivity in the frequency range of 1-10 kHz.
Subject(s)
Hypoxia/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Animals , Electric Impedance , Male , RatsABSTRACT
The authors studied the frequency dependence of the membrane potential of the rat quadriceps femoris muscle fibres in acute hypoxia caused by blood loss on its severity and duration. The membrane potential reduced with the gradual development of metabolic disorders in the tissue. Approximation revealed an exponential character of the dependence of the cell membrane potential on the severity and duration of hypoxia. The severity of the hypoxic disorders in the tissue can be judged from the value of the membrane potential.
