[Dependence of bioelectrical activity in occipital and frontal lobes and of the function of visual pathways from blood and oxygen supply]. / Zavisimost' élektricheskoi aktivnosti zatylochnykh i lobnykh dolei kory golovnogo mozga, funktsii zritel'nogo analizatora ot krovosnabzheniia i obespecheniia kislorodom.

The dependence of occipital and frontal lobes of the brain cortex bioelectrical activity and function from blood and oxygen supply was investigated in 626 minopic and 80 children and teenagers with normal vision. Myopia was found a natural model of blood and oxygen deprivation, of decrease of bioelectrical activity of frontal and partially occipital lobes, especially. The decrease of alpha-rythme index and alpha-waves amplitude was found on EEG of occipital lobes. Adaptation to hypoxia in the course of interval hypoxic training and the course of osteoreflex stimulation were proved to be reliable means for improving blood and oxygen supply of occipital and frontal lobes of the brain cortex, which was followed by normalization of EEG and vision: the sharpness of vision rose to 1.0-0.9 in 80% of children and in 60% of teenagers.

[Medical use of stepwise adaptation to hypoxia]. / Ispol'zovanie stupenchatoi adaptatsii k gipoksii v meditsine.

The paper outlines N. N. Sirotinin's concept of the use of stepwise adaptation to diminished inspired air pO2 as a non-drug agent for the prevention and treatment of diseases whose pathogenesis hypoxia and their subsequent rehabilitation play a definite role in. A comprehensive study of the impact of reduced pO2 on man and animals has defined the magnitude of its ambient air changes under which a human being may adapt himself to hypoxia, it characterized five stages of hypoxic hypoxia and concluded that an adaptative process is effective in subcompensated and compensated hypoxia. The paper describes the stepwise adaptation proposed by N. N. Sirotinin to treat diseases chiefly caused by hypoxia and his three identified stages of adaptation-a process considered by N. N. Sirotinin and his pupils as a natural response of the respiratory functional system to the changing magnitude of the usually acting stimuli-reduced arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide tension. The mechanisms responsible for the favourable impact of stepwise hypoxic adaptation, which are the basis for its wide use in medicine, occupational hygiene, and sports are presented. Data on the development of N. N. Sirotinin's idea and its medical application in Russia and foreign countries are given.

[Nikolai Nikalaevich Sirotinin and his school]. / Nikolai Nikolaevich Sirotinin i ego shkola.

In a brief review of 50-year scientific activity of professor N. N. Sirotinin and his students the authors emphasize that this broad-minded scientist contributed to development of such disciplines as microbiology, pathophysiology, high-altitude, aerospace medicine. However, his main goal was evolution of reactivity and resistance, approaches to perfection of human health and performance. Much attention was paid to effects of low partial oxygen pressure on human and animal body, to hypoxic states of different origin. Methods of hypoxytherapy and hypoxic training are widely used in Russia and abroad. The contribution of academician N. N. Sirotinin to modern pathophysiology, high-altitude and aerospace physiology, internal and sport medicine is highly appreciated in Russia.

[Physical work capacity of Alpinists under conditions of extremely low pO2 in inspired air]. / Fizicheskaia rabotosposobnost' al'pinistov v usloviiakh ekstremal'no nizkogo pO2 vo vdykhaemom vozdukhe.

It is shown that high-trained Alpinists retain relatively high working capacity under conditions of extremely low piO2. Maximal oxygen uptake with extremely low piO2 decreases in high-trained Alpinists less than the working capacity which under conditions of extremely low piO2, is, mainly, limited by decreased potentiality to utilize oxygen by cardiac and skeletal muscles because of paO2 and pvO2 fall below critical values. Low paO2 promotes a decrease in the rate of oxygen diffusion from blood of capillaries into cells, fall of oxygen tension in tissues and lowering of the oxidative processes' rate. Changes in the working capacity of high-trained Alpinists under conditions of extremely low piO2 depend on individual peculiarities of the organism, alpinist length of training which promote high reactivity of the respiration in response to low piO2, economization of the respiration function, development of adaptation mechanisms to low pO2 in the cerebral tissues, skeletal muscles and heart.

[Oxygen utilization by muscle tissue of the dolphin Phocaena phocaena]. / O potreblenii kiloroda myshechnoi tkan'iu del'fina Phocaena phocaena.

Studies have been made on the oxygen consumption in different parts of the cardiac muscle, as well as in deep and subcutaneous muscles of the porpoise Phocaena phocaena. It was shown that oxygen consumption in the heart (especially in the left ventricle) is higher than in skeletal muscles. The intensity of tissue respiration of deep body muscles is approximately 4 times higher than that of subcutaneous ones. Experimental and predicted data were compared. It was suggested that the intensity of oxygen consumption in the skeletal muscles of the porpoise is not uniform during the respiratory cycle.

[Dynamics of the process of gas transport into the body using a mathematical model]. / Issledovanie dinamiki protsessa perenosa gazov v organizme s pomoshch'iu matematicheskoi modeli

Dynamics of mass-transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases in lungs, blood, and tissues, as well as gas transport through alveolar capillary and erythrocyte membranes at rest and during exercise under normal and increased ambient pressures, were studied on a mathematical model. The model consists of 34 differential and 58 algebraic equations and makes it possible to estimate the dynamics of changes of over 90 parameters. The effect of various factors: duration of the respiratory cycle, tidal volume, airways resistance, the surface of diffusion, the resistance of alveolar-capillary wall, erythrocyte membrane, ventilation-perfusion relations, pulmonary blood shunts, blood supply to the tissues, Haldane and Verigo-Bohr effect, buffer capacity of the blood, and others) on the mass-transport of gases were quantitatively estimated.

[Changes in the body's oxygen regime in hypothalamic syndromes under the influence of hypoxic mixtures]. / Izmeneniia kislorodnogo rezhima organizma pri gipotalamicheskikh sindromakh pod vliianiem gipoksicheskoi smesi

A study of the oxygen regimen in the organism of patients with hypothalamic syndromes (vegetative, vascular and neuroendrocrino-metabolic) according to the Lauer and Kolchinskaya method demonstrated that an inhalation of hypoxic mixture containing 15% of oxygen leads to changes in the respiration indices. Such changes were related to circulation, oxygen parameters and indicated an increase of hypoxemia under the influence of this mixture and of a significant drop in the consumption of oxygen by the tissues. This may also speak in favour of an inhibition of activities in the compensatory and adaptational mechanisms. The most expressed inhibitive activity of such mechansims was seen in patients with hypotonic vetetative-vascular syndromes which is most likely connected with a drop of the tone in the neurohormonal system in this group of patients.