ABSTRACT
After analyzing nonsatisfactory therapeutic results in the 1970s and early 1980s, the 81-01 treatment protocol of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute was initiated in 1987 in the Children's Oncohaematology Clinic in Sofia, Bulgaria. Two hundred thirty patients were enrolled with a period of observation of a minimum of 14 and a maximum of 97 months; the median age was 5.83 +/- 3.6 years. According to the original criteria, standard risk (SR) patients were 38.26% and high-risk (HR) patients 61.74%. The probability for event-free survival at the seventh year estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method for the total group was 0.67 +/- 0.04 (+/- SE) and 0.55 +/- 0.09 and 0.81 +/- 0.06 for HR and SR, respectively (P < .001). Improvement of therapeutic results in terms of remission failures, early deaths, patients lost to follow-up, and rate of relapses is discussed.
Subject(s)
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bulgaria , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Recurrence , Remission InductionSubject(s)
Bronchial Provocation Tests , Adolescent , Adult , Asthma/diagnosis , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Methacholine ChlorideSubject(s)
Fever/chemically induced , Morphine/pharmacology , Animals , Apomorphine/pharmacology , Body Temperature/drug effects , Bromocriptine/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Male , Methotrimeprazine/pharmacology , Naloxone/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Rectum , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A method is described for the determination of platinum down to 10 ng, palladium to 5 ng and silver to 10 pg in 50 or 100 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate these metals into a bead which is first treated with nitric acid to dissolve palladium and silver and then with aqua regia to dissolve platinum. Both solutions are diluted and adjusted to pH 4, then analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from a measured volume evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements.