Effect of cell therapy on recovery of cognitive functions in rats during the delayed period after brain injury.

We studied the effect of systemic transplantation of human stem cells from various tissues on cognitive functions of the brain in rats during the delayed period after experimental brain injury. Stem cells were shown to increase the efficacy of medical treatment with metabolic and symptomatic drugs for recovery of cognitive functions. They accelerated the formation of the conditioned defense response. Fetal neural stem cells had a stronger effect on some parameters of cognitive function 2 months after brain injury. The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from adult humans or fetuses was higher 3 months after brain injury.

[Psychophysiological development of two generations of female rats chronically exposed to gamma-irradiation during pregnancy in the total dose of 1 Gy and its modification by melanin].

The purpose of the work was to study the embryotoxic action of chronic gamma-irradiation of pregnant female rats (F0) during the first 10 days of pregnancy in the total dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 5.31 mGy/hour) on psychophysiological development of posterity of the first (F1) and the second (F2) generations and its modification by natural pigment melanin (peroral 10 mg/kg once per day during the irradiation). 54 pregnant female Wistar rats were the objects of research were their 180 descendants of the first generation and about 400 descendants of the second generation of maternal and of paternal lines. Psychophysiological development and its correction by melanin estimated on ability to learning with the test of training a conditioned avoidance reflex in the shuttle box. Precise negative action of gamma-irradiation in the aforesaid dose on psychophysiological development of posterity of the first generation is established. At rats of the second generation the inferiority is shown mainly at descendants of maternal line. Application of melanin of natural origin in most cases diminished negative consequences of the irradiation.

Evaluation of psychoemotional status of rats after brain injury and systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells.

We studied the effects of systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained after culturing of autologous bone marrow on psychophysiological status of Wistar rats after diffuse brain trauma. Two months after systemic injection of mesenchymal stem cells we observed a decrease in manifestations of emotional behavioral reactions (anxiety and excitability) and shortening of the time of realization of drinking behavior in a T-maze. A significant positive effect of systemic transfusion of mesenchymal stem cells on avoidance conditioning in a shuttle box was observed 3 months after brain injury.

[The influence of the exogenous melanin on the development of the second generation of the female Wistar rats exposed during the critical period of the pegnancy at the nonsterilizing doses of different rate means].

The purpose of this study was to estimate the radio-protective activity of melanin for the reproductive status of Wistar rats. Wistar rats were exposed in utero either to the single gamma-irradiation on the tenth day of embryogenesis with the dose of 1 Gy or to the chronic gamma-irradiation with the total dose of 1 Gy during the first 10 days of embryogenesis. Such things like the ability of the rats to conceive, the embryogeny and early postnatal ontogeny of rat's posterity were studied. These doses of the radiation and the melanin did not produce the significant damages of the reproductive function of the survival offsprings of the first generation. The possible mechanisms of radio-protective effect of melanin on reproductive system of animals which have been exposed with the nonsterilizing doses at different mean dose rate were discussed.

[The effect of pulsed cyclical microware radiation on the conditioned behavior of rats]. / Vliianie tsiklicheskogo impul'snogo mikrovolnovogo oblucheniia na uslovno-reflektornuiu deiatel'nost' krys.

Research has been carried out to investigate the effects of pulsed cyclical microware exposure (7 GHz, 400 pps, 100 mcs, 10-20 mW/cm2, 10 or 20 cycles of "5 min exposure--4 min pause") on avoidance learning of rats. It was shown that reductions in conditioned behavior after cyclical pulsed microware exposure occurred at an SAR of 2.1 W/kg (10 mW/cm2). It was found the cumulation of the effects of the cycles at prolonged cyclical microwave exposures.

[The influence of exogenous melanin on the development of female Wistar rats' posterity of first generation exposed to low doses at different dose rates during embryogenesis]. / Vliianie ékzogennogo melanina na razvitie potomstva pervogo pokoleniia krys Wistar, obluchennogo v émbriogeneze v maloi doze raznoi moshchnosti.

To research a radio-protective effect of melanin on the reproductive system during its creation the development of first generation posterity (900 descendants) of 125 pubertal female Wistar rats was examined after the single gamma-irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 0.03 mGy/h), which they have been exposed to on the day ten of pregnancy, and the chronic gamma-irradiation with a total dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 5.31 mGy/h) which they have been being exposed to during the first 10 days of pregnancy. The melanin of natural animal origin has the anti-radial effectiveness with the single irradiation increasing the number of alive newborn descendants in a litter and doubling their survival during the first 30 days after the birth. The melanin's effect is less expressed with the chronic irradiation.

[Comparative estimation of the effects of continuous and intermittent cyclical microwave radiation on the behavior of rats in the extraordinary situation]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka vliianiia mikrovolnogo izlucheniia teplovoi intensivnosti v nepreryvnom i tsiklicheskom rezhimakh na povedenie krys v ékstremal'noi situatsii.

Research has been carried out to investigate the effects of pulsed microwave exposure without pause (7 GHz, 400 pps, 100 microseconds, 70-150 mW/cm2, exposure 10 min) and pulsed interrupted cyclical microwave exposure (5 min exposure--4 min pause--5 min exposure) on learned behaviors of rats in the paradigm of extraordinary situation (the rescue of the life). It was shown that reductions in conditioned behavior after acute pulsed microwave exposure occurred at SAR of 21 W/kg (100 mW/cm2) and after cyclical pulsed microwave exposure at SAR of 28.4 W/kg (135 mW/cm2).

[Effects of microwave radiation on conditioned behavior of rats]. / Vliianie mikrovolnogo oblucheniia na uslovnoreflektornuiu deiatel'nost' krys.

Research has been carried out to investigate the effects of microwave exposure (7 GHz, surface energy density 10-50 mW/cm2, SAR 2.1-10.5 W/kg) on learned behaviors of rats in the paradigm of conditioned avoidance reflex. It was shown that transitory reductions in conditioned behavior after acute microwave exposure occurred at an SAR equal to the intensity of rat basal metabolism. It was found cumulative effects for intermittent exposures of rats at a power density of 10 mW/cm2.

[Effects of the microwave exposure at elevated ambient temperature on the thermo-compensatory responses of small laboratory animals]. / Vliianie mikrovolnovogo oblucheniia pri povyshennoi temperature vozdukha na termokompensatornye reaktsii melkikh laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

Thermogenic effectiveness of electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of UHF range (7 GHz) in the dependence on intensity (10-50 mW/cm2) and environmental temperature (22 degrees and 30 degrees C) was studied in experiments with mice and rats. Negative influence of high ambient temperature on thermoregulate responses of animals at microwave exposure was showed. It is concluded that this interaction should been taken into account for hygienic standardization of non-ionizing EMI.

[Thermocompensatory reactions of rabbits in response to microwave irradiation at different environmental temperatures]. / Termokompensatornye reaktsii krolikov v otvet na mikrovolnovoe obluchenie pri razlichnykh temperaturakh okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Thermogenic effectiveness of electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of UHF range (7 GHz) in the dependence on intensity (10-100 mW/cm2) and environmental temperature was studied in experiments with rabbits. Synergistic interaction of EMI and high ambient temperature was established. The existence of optimal EMI and high ambient temperature was established. The existence of optimal EMI intensity at which the synergy was maximal was shown. It is concluded that this interaction should be taken into account for hygienic standardization of nonionizing EMI.

[Experimental estimation of thermogenic levels of acute microwave exposure for different animal species]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka termogennykh urovnei ostrogo mikrovolnovogo oblucheniia dlia zhivotnykh raznykh vidov.

In experiments on laboratory animals it was found the different patterns of reactions in response to acute thermogenic 7 GHz CW microwave exposures. The effects were related specifically to the intensity of the field. SAR equal 0.5-0.7 power of basal metabolism of different species did not result in increase of body temperature. At SARs over intensity of basal metabolism (up to 1.5-2.0 basal metabolism for the mice and for the rats and up to 1.5 for the rabbits) the "stepped" pattern of body heating with periods of rectal temperature stabilization was observed. This results may have implications for prognostic estimation of dose-temporal limits of endurable intensities of microwaves.

[Importance of the components of the complex ester group for the action of acetylcholine and dicarboxylic acid dicholine esters]. / Znachenie komponentov slozhnoefirnoi gruppy dlia deistviia atsetilkholina i dikholinovykh efirov dikarbonovykh kislot.

The substitution of ether oxygen by a methylene group in the acetylcholine molecule sharply decreases the muscarinic action, while the substitution of the carbonyl group by a methylene one reduces the nicotinic properties. Sebacoyldicholine possesses only nicotinic properties. The replacement of its ether oxygens by methylene groups lowers the stimulant action on the frog rectus abdominis muscle by two orders of magnitude, whereas the stimulant action on the cat sympathetic ganglion is 30-fold as decreased. The blocking action on the isolated rat diaphragm becomes 30-fold less potent, but the blocking action on the cat skeletal muscle remains as strong as that of sebacoyldicholine after cholinesterase inhibition. The replacement of sebacoyldicholine carbonyl groups makes the compound elicit a noncompetitive cholinolytic action on the frog muscle, while the blocking action on the cat skeletal muscle becomes as weak as that exerted by hexadecamethylene-bis-trimethyammonium.

[A comparative study of the stereoselectivity of cholinoreceptors]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie stereoselektivnosti kholinoretseptorov.

Muscarine-sensitive cholinoreceptors (M-ChR) of higher vertebrates exhibit high stereoselectivity which is also revealed with respect to enantiomers of a very potent muscarinomimetic methyldilvasen (F-2268), the stereospecific index (SSI) being about 100. M-ChRs in the neuronal membrane of the gastropod mollusc Planorbarius corneus and in the hearts of the bivalve molluscs Mercenaria stimpsoni and Anadara broughtoni are highly sensitive to methyldilvasen (10(-9)-10(-10) M), but their sensitivity to its enantiomers is identical. In heart atria of the tortoise Testudo horsfieldi, frog Rana temporaria, and fishes Siluris glanis, Cyprinus carpio, as well as in ventricles of tadpoles, high SSI was revealed. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that during evolution of vertebrates no significant changes took place in the active center of M-ChR. Possibly, the lack of stereoselectivity in the investigated molluscan M-ChRs, together with their other peculiarities (they are not blocked by atropine), indicate "immaturity" of these receptors.