Association of serum total bilirubin and plasma 8-OHdG in HIV/AIDS patients.

Oxidative stress is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients. Bilirubin has been shown to have antioxidant effects. In this case-control study, 600 subjects were included. We determined serum total bilirubin and IR in all subjects. We measured 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine with 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. IR and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher in HIV-positive patients with second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and first-line ART than ART-naive patients. However, average serum total bilirubin was higher in ART-naive patients than the HIV-positive patients with second-line ART and first-line ART. In a logistic regression analysis, serum total bilirubin was negatively associated with the IR [odds ratio (OR): 0.0127, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.023-0.070, p = 0.0000] and DNA damage (OR: 0.525, 95% CI: 0.351-0.783, p = 0.0016). We found that prevalence of IR and DNA damage was less in ART-naive patients compared with ART first-line and ART second-line HIV-positive patients. Larger studies are warranted to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative association of serum bilirubin and DNA damage in ART naive patients.

Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative DNA Damage in HIV/AIDS Patients.

HIV-infected adults may be likely to have metabolic syndrome (MS) at younger ages and in the absence of obesity compared with general population. In the present study, we determined prevalence of MS and its association with oxidative deoxy nucleic acid (DNA) damage in HIV-1 infected patients with different ART status. We used plasma level of the oxidized base, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. To measure plasma 8-OHdG we used 8-OHdG enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay. The biomarkers of MS were insulin resistance, Cholesterol/HDL ratio, Waist circumference and Hypertension. MS and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher in HIV-positive patients with second line ART and first line ART than ART-naive patients. In a logistic regression analysis, increased MS was positively associated with the increased DNA damage (OR: 29.68, 95%:13.47, CI: 65.40) P = 0.0001. ART plays a significant role in the development of MS and oxidative DNA damage in HIV-positive patients taking antiretroviral therapy. Awareness and knowledge of MS and DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients may prove helpful to clinicians to manage non-AIDS diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. To determine exact role of ART in induction of MS and DNA damage larger studies are warranted.

Protein carbonyl content: a novel biomarker for aging in HIV/AIDS patients

Abstract Background: The major complications of “treated” Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are cardiovascular disease, malignancy, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, and perhaps neurological complications, which are phenomena of the normal aging process occurring at an earlier age in the HIV-infected population. The present study is aimed to explore protein carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Objective: To investigate the potential of carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced Antiretroviral Theraphy (ART) toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: In this case–control study a total 600 subjects were included. All subjects were randomly selected and grouped as HIV-negative (control group) (n = 300), HIV-infected ART naive (n = 100), HIV-infected on first line ART (n = 100), and HIV-infected on second line ART (n = 100). Seronegative control subjects were age- and sex-matched with the ART naive patients and the two other groups. Carbonyl protein was determined by the method described in Levine et al. DNA damage marker 8-OH-dG was determined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine StressXpress ELA Kit by StressMarq Biosciences. Results: Protein carbonyl content levels and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HIV-infected patients on second line ART and HIV-infected patients on first line ART than ART naive patients and controls. In a linear regression analysis, increased protein carbonyl content was positively associated with increased DNA damage (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.287–0.426) p < 0.05. Conclusions: Carbonyl content may has a role as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

Protein carbonyl content: a novel biomarker for aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

BACKGROUND: The major complications of "treated" Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are cardiovascular disease, malignancy, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, and perhaps neurological complications, which are phenomena of the normal aging process occurring at an earlier age in the HIV-infected population. The present study is aimed to explore protein carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced Antiretroviral Theraphy (ART) toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS: In this case-control study a total 600 subjects were included. All subjects were randomly selected and grouped as HIV-negative (control group) (n=300), HIV-infected ART naive (n=100), HIV-infected on first line ART (n=100), and HIV-infected on second line ART (n=100). Seronegative control subjects were age- and sex-matched with the ART naive patients and the two other groups. Carbonyl protein was determined by the method described in Levine et al. DNA damage marker 8-OH-dG was determined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine StressXpress ELA Kit by StressMarq Biosciences. RESULTS: Protein carbonyl content levels and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher (p<0.05) in HIV-infected patients on second line ART and HIV-infected patients on first line ART than ART naive patients and controls. In a linear regression analysis, increased protein carbonyl content was positively associated with increased DNA damage (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.287-0.426) p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Carbonyl content may has a role as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in HIV/AIDS patients.