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1.
Environ Manage ; 60(2): 357-366, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28526900

ABSTRACT

Scleractinian, octocoral, and antipatharian corals have colonized many of the offshore oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We surveyed 25 offshore oil and gas platforms for these cnidarians. Few to no corals were detected on inshore, shallow-water structures at <25 m depth; however, the abundance of corals increased, ranging from 14 to 194/m2, on platforms in waters deeper ≥25 m. The most common coral encountered were Tubastraea coccinea (Scleractinia) and Telesto spp. (Octocorallia). The data suggest that the offshore platforms located in waters of >25-30 m in the study area are often colonized by these corals. We recommend that structures located in deeper waters should be surveyed for coral and, if the populations are substantial, consider alternate uses for the retired platforms, and leaving them in place, when feasible.


Subject(s)
Anthozoa/growth & development , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Oil and Gas Industry , Animals , Gulf of Mexico , Population Dynamics , Seasons
2.
Arch Toxicol ; 90(4): 829-37, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25998020

ABSTRACT

During/after the BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill, cleanup workers, fisherpersons, SCUBA divers, and coastal residents were exposed to crude oil and dispersants. These people experienced acute physiological and behavioral symptoms and consulted a physician. They were diagnosed with petroleum hydrocarbon poisoning and had blood analyses analyzed for volatile organic compounds; samples were drawn 5-19 months after the spill had been capped. We examined the petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the blood. The aromatic compounds m,p-xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene, o-xylene, and styrene, and the alkanes hexane, 3-methylpentane, 2-methylpentane, and iso-octane were detected. Concentrations of the first four aromatics were not significantly different from US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey/US National Institute of Standards and Technology 95th percentiles, indicating high concentrations of contaminants. The other two aromatics and the alkanes yielded equivocal results or significantly low concentrations. The data suggest that single-ring aromatic compounds are more persistent in the blood than alkanes and may be responsible for the observed symptoms. People should avoid exposure to crude oil through avoidance of the affected region, or utilizing hazardous materials suits if involved in cleanup, or wearing hazardous waste operations and emergency response suits if SCUBA diving. Concentrations of alkanes and PAHs in the blood of coastal residents and workers should be monitored through time well after the spill has been controlled.


Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons/blood , Occupational Diseases/blood , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Female , Gulf of Mexico , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood , Young Adult
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