[Heterogeneity of chromosomal abnormalities in cultured melanoma cells of human skin].

Karyotypes of 9 malignant melanoma patients has been described. It is ascertained that most often the damage is observed in chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9 and 17, which is consistent with the data in the literature. Besides chromosomes 5 and 13 are also often involved in different rearrangements. Recurring aberrations are not discovered. Any correlation between survival and non-recurrent chromosomal aberrations is not discovered.

[Investigation of transcription factor Brachyury (T) expression in human normal and tumor tissues].

By using computational differential display approach we identified a number of UniGene clusters which comprised 90% or more of ESTs from tumor cDNA libraries. One of them was cluster Hs.389457 which corresponds to the human gene Brachyury (T). That encodes a T-box gene family member transcription factor which is pivotal in early embryonal development. To experimentally verify our in silico findings of T expression, PCR was conducted using panels of cDNA from various human normal and tumor tissues. According to our results, Brachynry is expressed in tumors of the digestive tract, testis, ovary, breast, kidney, bladder, lung and brain tunic as well as in lymphomas. Weak amplification signals were picked up from normal tissues of small intestine, spleen and testis. Our results support earlier hypothesis on predominant tumor-related expression of Brachyury gene in adults.

[A study of chromosomal fragility in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with lymphomas].

Patients with lymphomas were shown to have authentically a higher frequency of fragile sites, both spontaneous and induced by aphidikoline expression, in comparison with the control group. Differential sensitivity of chromosomes caused by the action of aphidikolin was revealed. The fragility of chromosomes 9 and 11 in patients with lymphomas on sites 9q31-32 and 11p13-14 was authentically higher (alpha = 0.05) than that in healthy individuals. Site 9q31-32 appeared to be strictly specific for lymphoma disease.

[Radiation damages in human lymphocytes studied by micronucleus and chromosomal analysis]. / Issledovanie radiatsionnykh povrezhdenii v limfotsitakh cheloveka metodom mikroiadernogo i khromosomnogo analiza.

It was shown that the dependence of the micronucleus number and chromosome aberration on irradiation dose is linear quadratic, the values of linear coefficient being different. The distribution of ameliorators and children from the areas with higher irradiation level by micronucleus test conforms to Poisson distribution, while the distribution by chromosomal analysis approaches to binomial distribution.

[A cytogenetic study of patients with disordered thyroid homeostasis]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe issledovanie bol'nykh s narusheniem tireoidnogo gomeostaza.

The cytogenetic disturbances in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with various thyroid diseases were studied. It was found that hormone administration results in chromosome aberration and micronucleus (MN) rate increase. The changes in the chromosome aberration spectrum correspond with radiation induced changes in the spectrum. The additional irradiation of cells in vitro caused the lower level of MN in patients treated with hormones than in control donors group.

[A decrease in the damaging action of gamma irradiation on human lymphocytes by postradiation treatment with the preparation MDI]. / Snizhenie povrezhdaiushchego deistviia gamma-oblucheniia na limfotsity cheloveka pri postluchevoi obrabotke preparatom MDI.

The effect of MDI, the agent of plant origin, on the cell cycle and the number of micronuclei in human lymphocytes after gamma-irradiation has been studied. It has been found that the treatment of lymphocytes with MDI stimulates DNA synthesis and reduces the delay of irradiated cells in (G2 + M) phase. Moreover post-irradiation cell treatment with MDI reduces the number of damaged cells.

[An analysis of the lymphocytes with anomalous nuclei in the peripheral blood of rats subjected to gamma irradiation]. / Analiz limfotsitov s anomal'nymi iadrami v perifericheskoi krovi krys, podvergnutykh gamma-oblucheniiu.

The share of lymphocytes with abnormal nuclei in the peripheral rat blood was found to increase during the first 24 h following irradiation with doses LD0, LD50, and LD100. With LD50 the index under study significantly varied in survived, died and control animals. It is suggested that the occurrence of abnormal nuclei in the peripheral rat blood is the result of the two processes, namely, the mitotic division and apoptotic death of cells.

[A comparative study of the micronucleus test and chromosome aberrations in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie mikroiadernogo testa i khromosomnykh aberratsii v FGA-stimulirovannykh limfotsitakh cheloveka.

A dose dependence of the number of cells with chromosome aberrations was studied in PHA-stimulated donor's peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with doses of 10-400 cGy. In studying the number of chromosome aberrations and percentage of cells with micronuclei in parallel cultures no correlation was found between these indices within the groups exposed to a similar radiation dose.

[Electron microscopic analysis of postradiation apoptotic death of thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskii analiz postradiatsionnoi apoptoticheskoi gibeli timotsitov i limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi.

Some stages of the apoptotic death of lymphoid cells (thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes) have been followed up using light and electron microscopes. Differences have been revealed in the formation of death stages under natural physiological conditions and after gamma-irradiation. High radiation doses are shown to interfere with the process of nuclear chromatin condensation characteristic of the natural physiological death of cells.

[Mechanism of thymocyte death in exposure to ultrahigh doses of gamma radiation]. / Issledovanie mekhanizma gibeli timotsitov pri vozdeistvii sverkhvysokikh doz gamma-izlucheniia.

A comparative study was made of the morphological and biochemical indices of rat thymus cells after gamma-irradiation with doses of 4-10 Gy (median), 20 Gy (high), and 200-400 Gy (superhigh). It was shown that 4 h after irradiation with superhigh doses the yield of polydeoxynucleotides (PDN) was twice as low as that observed after doses of 4-10 Gy. 24 h after irradiation the amount of the extracted PDN in thymocytes exposed to superhigh doses was markedly larger than that after 4 hours. After all doses applied chromatin degradation occurred at the internucleosome sites in a strict order, the activity of acid and alkaline nucleases being unchanged. A large number of cells have normal nuclear structure 4 h after irradiation (200-400 Gy), as was demonstrated by the electron microscopy data, while in 24 h no intact cells were virtually found in the thymus which correlated with the changes in the PDN yield. The mechanisms of the lymphoid cell death under the effect of different radiation doses are discussed.

[Mechanism of the formation of micronuclei in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from human peripheral blood]. / K mekhanizmu obrazovaniia mikroiader v FGA-stimulirovannykh limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka.

The micronuclei of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes were assayed by comparison of electron microscopy and light microscopy data. The length of the cell cycle was checked by the flow cytofluorimetry method. Both the variability of the apoptosis stages and the increase in (G2+M) period in gamma-irradiated cultures were found. It is concluded that at least part of the micronuclei results from the cell nucleus "partition" during the apoptosis type cell death.

[Correlation between DNA repair synthesis and number of cells with micronuclei during gamma-irradiation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated and not stimulated with PHA]. / Korreliatsiia reparativnogo sinteza DNK i chastoty kletok s mikroiadrami pri gamma-obluchenii stimulirovannykh i ne stimulirovannykh FGA limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka.

The method of colony chromatography on BND-cellulose was used to study DNA repair synthesis (RS) after gamma-irradiation in PHA-stimulated and nonstimulated lymphocytes. The injury to lymphocytes at the cellular level was estimated by the micronuclear test. The comparison of the data on the rate of RS and the number of cells with micronuclei showed that RS inhibition, in the case of the postirradiation treatment of cells with arabinoside cytosine, leads to a decrease in viability of lymphocyte populations, the G0 cells being primarily damaged.

[Endonuclease activity with acid and alkaline pH values in rat blood serum during whole body gamma-irradiation]. / Issledovanie éndonukleaznoi aktivnosti pri kislom i shchelochnom znacheniiakh pH v syvorotke krovi krys pri obshchem gamma-izluchenii.

Using the method of electrophoresis in agar gel of superhelical plasmid DNA, which served as a substrate for determining endonuclease activity, the authors showed that the same radiation dose influenced in a different way the activity of acid and alkaline DNAases in rat blood serum. At early times (3-6 h) following irradiation, the activity of acid nucleases increased whereas that of alkaline DNAases decreased.

[Endonuclease activity in the blood serum of rats undergoing nonuniform gamma irradiation]. / Izuchenie éndonukleaznoi aktivnosti v syvorotke krovi krys pri neravnomernom gamma-obluchenii.

During the first hours following nonuniform gamma-irradiation (the nonuniformity coefficient was 3:1 and 5:1 with a dose change along the axis directed cranio-caudally and caudo-cranially), endonuclease activity (pH 5.75) in the blood serum increased with the dose which was estimated with a reference to total utilization of the substrate. Supercoiled plasmid DNA served as the substrate. The transformation of a supercoiled form of plasmid DNA into an open circular form was the criterion of estimation of nuclease activity. It was shown that the increase in the nuclease activity correlated with the increase in the nonuniformity coefficient.