ABSTRACT
In Germany, more than half of the population has low health literacy. These people have difficulties in finding and classifying health-related information and adapting it to their own situation. Among them are many young people, highlighting the importance of interventions early in life to promote health literacy.This is where the "Fit in Health" program of the Health Information Services of the Helmholtz Munich Research Center and the German Cancer Research Center starts. The objective is to contribute to the promotion of different dimensions of health literacy among children and adolescents. To this end, innovative training formats for teachers and teaching materials for students at secondary levels I and II are being designed and evaluated. The major diseases cancer and diabetes mellitus are used as models to provide basic knowledge on their pathogenesis, prevention, treatment, and research. In addition, information about the structures of the healthcare system and materials to strengthen health literacy are provided. An accompanying evaluation collects indicator data on coverage and acceptance of the measures.Since 2018, the program has published 46 teaching materials and three course readers with background knowledge for teachers. Furthermore, 50 training courses have been held, with approximately 1600 teachers and multipliers taking part in face-to-face and online events by the end of 2021. More than 90% of the participants gave the respective events very good or good evaluations. Around 80% of the participants said they would like to include the topics taught in their lessons. Further expansion of the offers is planned. Testing of a set of materials with respect to the gain of health literacy in a sample of students is currently being prepared.
Subject(s)
Health Literacy , Adolescent , Child , Germany , Health Promotion , Humans , StudentsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Reconstruction of joint surface by using allografts to fill extensive bone-cartilage defects. INDICATIONS: Bone-cartilage defects ranging from a diagonal length of at least 3 cm and a depth of minimum 1 cm to maximum the entire lateral femoral condyle, e. g., following trauma, in the case of osteochondrosis dissecans, or following the resection of benign tumors. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Arthrosis. Minor or superficial cartilage defects. Bipolar defects. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The transplant bed is reamed precisely into the recipient's knee, the donor knee is opened, the block required for transplantation is measured, prepared and press-fit inserted. A straight leg axis is required for a good surgical result. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: No weight bearing on the operated leg, two underarm crutches for 10 weeks, then partial weight bearing and further increase in weight bearing depending on postoperative allograft healing. CT follow-ups to assess postoperative healing of the transplant after 3 and after 8-12 months. Sporting activities that put pressure on the knee joint should not be undertaken until at least 1 year after surgery; cycling and swimming-depending on the CT-from the 6th postoperative month onward. RESULTS: Three male patients aged 21 (n = 2) and 28 (n = 1) were operated on for osteochondrosis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle and observed for an average of 26 months. Postoperative healing of the transplanted tissue was confirmed in all patients by means of CT. For two of them, the vitality of the transplant was confirmed by means of MRT and contrast agents, and good postoperative healing of the transplant was also represented arthroscopically. All patients were subjectively satisfied, without complaints, and had improved range of motion in the operated knee.
