[Acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A total of 4684 autopsies made at Moscow multidisciplinary hospitals in 2002-2008 were studied to reveal the incidence and morphological features of acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cases with combined, background, and concomitant diseases that could be independent causes of gastroduodenal lesions were excluded. Patients older than 60 years with infarctions of the myocardium or brain, a concurrence of CHD, CVD, and COPD, and various diseases with chronic heart failure syndrome, particularly in the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus should be referred to as a risk group for acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and their induced hemorrhages.

[Acute erosive gastropathies].

There is a rise in the rates of acute erosive gastropathies in patients with cardiovascular and other somatic diseases. The role of acute erosive gastropathy-induced hemorrhages in the tanatogenesis of these diseases is underestimated; the problems of their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment remained unsolved. Many factors, mainly acute or chronic ischemia of the gastroduodenal mucosa, as well as its age-related involution, Helicobacter pylori infection, reflux gastritis, multiple organ dysfunction, drug-induced damage, etc., which are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute erosive gastropathies in patients with cardiovascular and other somatic diseases, are summarized.

[Changes in regional meningeal immunity in local immunomodulating therapy in patients with acute traumatic intracranial hematomas].

A clinicomorphological study of 660 patients with acute traumatic intracranial hematomas has shown that pneummonia develops in 56% of cases, intracranial complications (purulent meningitis) in 14%.Pyoinflammatory complications were 1.5-1.7 times less common in small-sized hematomas, their total rate and the rate of pneumonias was twice higher in left cerebral hemispheric lesion. On the contrary, intracranial complications were twice more common in right cerebral hemispheric lesion. The structural bases of the regional meningeal immunity system were as follows: the pathways of blood and spinal fluid circulation and dural arachnoidal intercellular fluid; cellular cooperation of the meninx and tissue of the brain; the network of lymph vessels of the dura mater encephali and adventitia of large blood vessels and middle and inferior jugular (regional) lymph nodes. Morphodunctional changes in the local meningeal immunity system in patients with hematomas point to the development of secondary immunodeficiency. Inclusion of regional immunotherapy with T-activin into multimodality treatment decreases the incidence of extra- and intracranial pyoinflammatory complications and mortality.

[Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2 by breast cancer cells]. / Osobennosti ékspressii retseptorov éstrogenov, progesterona i HER-2 kletkami raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Breast cell carcinomas removed from 62 women aged from 33 to 74 years were studied immunohistochemically. 24 tumours were of T1N0M0, 5-T1N1M0, 20-T2N0M0, 11-T2N1M0 and 2-T2N0M0. Invasive ductal carcinoma occurred in 59.6%, invasive ductal in 40.4%. Estrogen receptor expression was found in 59.6%, progesterone in 38.7%. Simultaneous expression of these receptors was in 35.5%. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression were registered in 24.2 and 3.2% cases, respectively. There was neither estrogen nor progesterone expression in 37%. HER-2 expression was observed in 45.2%, the highest being at the age from 50 to 55 years and in invasive ductal carcinoma. Enhancement of estrogen receptor expression was accompanied with lower rate of HER-2 expression. All three antigens expression does not depend on the presence or absence of metastases to the regional lymph nodes.

[The first experience with using high frequency thermo-destruction in patients with metastatic cancer of the liver]. / Pervyi opyt ispol'zovaniia vysokochastotnoi termodestruktsii u bol'nykh s metastaticheskim rakom pecheni.

Thermodestruction of the metastatic cancer of the liver was used in 18 patients. A high frequency induction thermodestructor ELECTROTOM HITT ("Berhtold" Germany) with the working frequency 343 kHz and power 0-60 Wt was used. After the ablation of the main focus the thermodestruction of metastases was performed in the liver. The effects of thermodestruction were estimated by the intraoperative biopsy before and after thermodestruction. The procedure was considered effective if biopsy revealed necrobiotic tissues. A connective tissue scar was formed at the place of thermodestruction. After operation the patients were given polychemotherapy.

[Secondary autoimmune syndrome and immunomodulating lymphotropic therapy in acute pancreatitis]. / Vtorichnyi autoimmunnyi sindrom i immunomoduliruiushchaia limfotropnaia terapiia pri ostrom pankreatite.

Immune status and condition of regional lymphoid tissue were studied in 28 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis untreated with immunomodulating therapy and in 12 patients receiving combined therapy including lymphotropic regional therapy with T-activin. Acute pancreatitis patients were found to have aquired immunodeficiency, secondary autoimmune syndrome and reaction of toxic immune complexes the severity of which decreased under the action of T-activin therapy.

[Morphofunctional features of the microcirculatory bed of the skin in students from different climatogeographic zones]. / Morfofunktsional'nye osobennosti mikrotsirkuliatornogo rusla kozhi u studentov iz razlichnykh klimatogeograficheskikh poiasov.

By means of the vital microscopy method length, diameter, stipulated area of the longitudinal section have been studied in the nail torus capillaries of students from different regions of the world depending on the climatogeographic zones. The value of the structural parameters in the skin capillaries, which characterize their heat exchange surface, directly, depends on temperature factors of the environment. There is an increase of the heat exchange surface in the capillaris of the person-inhabitants beginning from the moderate towards the subtropical, tropical and subequatorial zone. The exception make the students from the equatorial zone: the structure parameters of their capillaries are less than in the persons from the subequatorial and even from the tropical zones. This is connected with the fact that the equatorial zone is characterized with some extermal amount of heat and moisture.