[Complex diagnosis of stomach polyps]. / Kompleksnaia diagnostika polipov zheludka.

130 patients suffering from gastric polyps were examined; in 22 cases, malignancies were detected. According to the results of endoscopic and X-ray examination, malignant transformation of gastric polyps does not produce pathognomonic symptoms. It was found that the nature of polyps cannot be properly identified unless, at least, three or four roentgenologic and endoscopic symptoms are considered. Each procedure has proved to be of high diagnostic value. Correct diagnosis was established in 92.5% of cases following the complex application of X-ray and endoscopic methods and in 100% when it was supplemented with cytological examination. These findings suggest a complex application of the said diagnostic procedures.

[Enzymohistochemical study of the tumors from the transplacental and postnatal exposure to various carcinogens]. / Enzimogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie opukholei pri transplatsentarnom i postnatal'nom vozdeistvii razlichnykh kantserogenov.

In sections of rat tumors arisen after transplacental and postnatal exposure to BP, DMVA, and NEM there was found the activity of NAD. H2-tetrazole-oxydoreductase, hexokinase, succinate and lactate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, glutamate, acid and alklaine phosphatase. A comparison of the histological structure and histochemical properties of malignant tumors showed their being independent on the chemical structure, dosage and terms of the carcinogen administration. However, the malignant signs of tumors of various histogenesis varied not only between epithelial, neurogenic and mesenchymal type of tumors but also within each of the types concerned.

[Spontaneous tumors in rats from the Rappolovo Breeding Nursery of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. / Spontannye opukholi u krys razvodki pitomnika "Rappolovo" AMN SSSR.

The authors report the data on the incidence of neoplasms in rats of the "Rappolovo" nursery breeding (USSR Acad. Med. Sci.) and their offsprings during 4 sequential generations kept in the vivarium of the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health. The frequency of spontaneous tumors in 213 male and 230 female rats was 25.8 and 35.7% accordingly. Totally, male animals developed 65 tumors, females--114. over 80% of all neoplasms developed in animals older than 18 months. The frequency of neoplasms of separate localizations in males and females was as follows: the hypophysis--7.0 and 12.6% correspondingly; the mammary gland--0.5 and 11.7%, the thyroid (thyroidal epithelium) - 1.4 and 3.0% and (light cells) 5.6 and 8.3%; the adrenal cortex--0.5 and 1.3%; the hematopoietic system --7.0 and 5.6%; parasitic sarcomas of the abdominal cavity --5.6 and 3.0%; the skin --0.4 and 0.4%; soft tissues --0.9 and 0%; the liver--0.4 and 0.4%; the kidneys --0.4 and 0.4%. Moreover, one male showed seminal vesicle tumor, and females-solitary neoplasms of the pancreas and salivary gland, the dura mater, the ovary and uterus. Significant differences were revealed in the frequency of spontaneous neoplasms in separate rat generations.

[Tumors in BALB C mice after transplacental exposure to N-nitrosoethylurea in progenesis]. / Opukholi u myshei BALB/c posle transplatsentarnogo vozdeistviia N-nitrozoetilmocheviny v progeneze.

In the experiments with transplacental exposure of mice to N-nitrosoethyl urea (NEU) an enhanced carcinogenesis was noted not only in the first but also in the second generation. This effect in mice of the second generation was manifested in earlier development, as compared with control animals, of different neoplasms as well as in somewhat increased frequency of their detection. Postnatal exposure to NEU would enhance carcinogenesis in mice of both experimental and control groups, whereas no enhancement of carcinogenesis was observed in animals exposed to NEU in progenesis, compared with control mice. Postnatal x-ray irradiation also failed to produce enhanced carcinogenesis, compared with control animals i.e. those exposed to NEU in progenesis. While in female mice of the same group, contrary to the control, ovarian tumors under the effect of irradiation did not arise. It is suggested that there is a pathogenic connection between the inheritance of carcinogenic effect by oocytes and the loss by the ovary its capacity to produce neoplasms in response to irradiation.

[Ezymohistochemical study of the early stages of carcinogenesis in the rat peripheral nervous system]. / Enzimogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie rannikh stadii kantserogeneza v perifericheskoi nervnoi sisteme krys.

Early blastomatous changes in the peripheral nervous system induced by transplacental N-nitroso-N-ethylurea exposure were manifested in lemmoblasts proliferates, observed starting from the 14th day of the postnatal period in rats. The proliferates showed the increased activity of ortho-phosphoric and carbonic esters hydrolysis enzymes pentose cycle, ultimate glycolysis and the reduced citric acid cycle, tissue respiration, the synthesis of aminoacids, folic acid, nucleoproteids precursors, and a sharp suppression of oxidative desamination. Such profile of enzymic provision was retained in neurinomas developed 6 months following the postnatal period. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the process of glial cells malignant transformation is terminated long before the appearance of malignant neoplasms detected macroscopically.

[Blastomogenesis in mice due to postnatal effect of N-nitrosoethylurea and x-ray irradiation]. / Blastomogenez u myshei pri postnatal'nom vozdeistvii N-nitrozoetilmocheviny i rentgenovskogo oblucheniia.

N-nitrosoethylurea (NEU) is found to show an intensive transplacental carcinogenic effect inducing in mice different neoplasms, mainly lung adenomas. Postnatal x-ray irradiation of control animals resulted in the occurrence of ovarian tumors in some female mice. Delivary and feeding of the progeny would lead to the development of mammary gland tumors in a number of control female animals. Postnatal exposure to x-rays of mice exposed to transplacental effect of NEU resulted in the increased incidence of lung neoplasms, mainly adenocarcinomas.

[Effect of N-nitrosoethylurea dosage and postnatal x-ray irradiation on transplacental blastomogenesis in mice]. / Vliianie dozy N-nitrozoetilmocheviny i postnatal'nogo rentgenovskogo oblucheniia na transplatsentarnyi blastomogenez u myshei.

In transplacental exposure to nitrosoethylurea in a dose of 2 mg/Kg the frequency of occurrence of different neoplasms in mice would not change as compared with a dose of 20 mg/Kg. However, in a dose of 2 mg/Kg the time of lung tumor development was prolonged. Postnatal roentgen irradiation increased the incidence of lung adenomas and ovarian tumors in female mice, exposed in embryogenesis to NEU effect in a dose of 2 mg/Kg; male mice showed a somewhat delayed development of tumors. In animals, subjected to NEU effect transplacentally in a dose of 20 mg/Kg, postnatal roentgen irradiation resulted in the appearance of lung adenocarcinomas, tumors of other lacolizations being developed neither in female nor in male mice.

[Enzymohistochemical and immunomorphological study of experimental thyroid gland carcinoma]. / Enzimogistokhimiia i immunomorfologiia eksperimental'nogo raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy

A total of 8 medullary carcinimas, 134 adenomas of C-cells, 32 solid focal over-growths of C-cells, and 124 normal thyroid glands of rats were investigated by histochemical, immunomorphological and histological methods. Modullary carcinomas were characterized by a high enzymes of hydrolysis of ethers of carboxylic acids, tissue respiration, and by a moderate or low activity of enzymes of the initial link of glycolysis, oxidative deamination, synthesis of amino acids, hydrolysis of monoethers of orthophosphoric acid, pentose and citric acid cycles. In medullary carcinomas, as well as in normal C-cells and adenomas of C-cells, there was revealed the phenomenon of occult metachromasia with the absence of a microsomal tissue-specific antigen and direct reaction to amyloid. The authors consider medullary carcinomas to be analogues of solid carcinoma with amyloidosis of the stroma of the human thyroid gland, differing from the latter by specific metabolic reactions, and therefore, they may serve as an experimental model in studies of these diseases.

[Quantitative cytochemical detection of enzymes in cultured cells following infection with Rous virus]. / Kolichestvennoe tsitokhimicheskoe vyiavlenia fermentov v kul'turakh kletok posle zarazheniia viruson Raus

The method of visual quantitative estimation was employed to determine the index of enzymes activity in embryonal cells cultures infected with Rous virus. In early terms (1-7 days after infection) a moderate production of diformazane was noted in the presence of glucoso-6-phosphatiosomerase, phosphoglucomutase, pyruvatoxidase, NAD. H2- and NADP. H-2-diaphorase, other enzymes showing no distinquishable deviations in the activity, as compared with the normal culture. In later terms (13-27 days) during the proliferation of the transformed cells there was found an increased level of the glycolysis enzymes activity, pentose cycle, hydrolysis of ortho-phosphoric acid monoethers and reduced lemon acid cycle and tissue respiration. Cytoplasmatic vacuoles formed in the transformed cells seem to represent hypertrophic lysosomes and phagolysosomes.

[An enzymohistochemical study of experimental tumors of the intestine]. / Enzimogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie éksperimental'nykh opukholei kishechnika

The activity of 19 enzymes (hexokinase, glucoso-6-phosphatisomerase, alpha-glycerophosphate-, lactate-, succinate-, isocitrate-, malate-, glucoso-6-phosphate-, 6-phosphogluconate-, glutamate-, alcohol-, inosine-5'-phosphate-, guanosine-5'-monophosphate-dehydrogenase, cytochromoxidase NAD.N2- and NADP.N2-diaphorase, monoaminoxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) was studied comparatively in the mucosa of control rats and in tumors of the small intestine (27), and large intestine (176), induced in 41 rats percutaneously by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. A decreased level of the enzymes of tissue respiration and Krebs cycle was found with a simultaneous increase in the activity of the enzymes of glycolysis and pentoso-monophosphate shunt. These data evidence variations in tumor metabolism consisting in oxidizing phosphorylation, being replaced by aerobic glycosis, and also reflecting an intensive proliferation of tumor cells.