Papillary thyroid cancer in identical adolescent twins with osteogenesis imperfecta and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: is there a genetic link?

The relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. Researchers have identified multiple genes that could put patients with HT at risk for PTC. None are related to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We present identical twin sisters with OI who developed PTC in the setting HT.