[Procoagulant activity of blood cells in pestivirus infection]. / Prokoaguliantnaia aktivnost' kletok krovi pri pestivirusnykh infektsiiakh.

An increased level of procoagulant activity (PCA) in leukocytes of pigs with acute classical swine fever (CSF) was observed on day 4 postinfection; PCA level normalized during the moribund state. CSF vaccine strain either did not induce an increase of PCA level or induced an increase that persisted for at least 11 days. Time course of PCA changes in the leukocytes from sheep infected with borderline sheep disease was similar to the time course of PCA in acute CSF. In vitro each of the pestiviruses induced an increase in PCA in homologous and heterologous leukocytes.

[African swine fever virus: achievements over the last decade of the 20th century]. / Virus afrikanskoi chumy svinei: dostizheniia poslednego desiatiletiia XX veki.

Complete nucleotide sequence of African swine fever (ASF) virus genome was determined in 1993-1999. Deletion mutants with low virulence for pigs were obtained. Genes of structural (p72, p54, p12, cleavage products pp220 and pp60, hemagglutinin) and nonstructural (p32) proteins were mapped. The significance of different proteins in virus adsorption and resistance to challenge was elucidated, their location in infected cell and virion was determined. Lipid composition of the virus was studied. A protocol of virion morphogenesis was suggested, which explains their morphology. Apoptosis, consumption coagulopathy, and development of delayed type hypersensitivity are regarded as the main pathogenetic mechanisms. Antigens acting as targets and inductors of immune cytological reactions and antibodies mediating suppression of virus reproduction were determined.

[Development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to hog cholera]. / Razvitie giperchuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa pri klassicheskoi chume svinei

Leukocyte migration inhibition test showed that pigs with classical swine fever develop delayed type hypersensitivity. The highest migration inhibition (65-85%) was observed in animals with the acute form, on day 3 after infection, or directly before death, or in animals immunized with reactogenic strain with clinical signs of disease. In some pigs with acute form the migrating capacity of leukocytes was restored on days 7-8 postinfection. Leukocyte migration inhibition factor is detected in the sera of pigs starting from day 3 after infection with the virulent strain. The degree of delayed type hypersensitivity correlated with the outcome of classical swine fever.

[Procoagulant activity in swine leukocytes, infected with the swine classical plague virus]. / Prokoaguliantnaia aktivnost' v svinykh leikotsitakh, infitsirovannykh virusom klassicheskoi chumy svinei.

An increased level of the procoagulant activity (PCA) has been observed in porcine leukocytes in vitro infected with virulent or vaccine strains of hog cholera virus in comparison with intact cells. PCA was similarly induced in infected leukocytes from swine immune to hog cholera virus. Increased PCA levels were detected in culture medium with leukocytes from intact and immune animals infected in vitro with both virulent and vaccine strains of hog cholera virus in comparison with the PCA levels in culture medium with intact cells.

[Activation of proteinases and acid phosphatase in swine leukocytes infected with the swine classical plague virus]. / Aktivatsiia proteinaz i kisloi fosfatazy v leikotsitakh svin'i, infitsirovannykh virusom klassicheskoi chumy svinei.

The activities of proteinases active at neutral pH and of acid phosphatase increases after freezing and defrosting and hypotonic shock in porcine leukocytes in vitro infected with the classical hog cholera virus in comparison with intact cells. The enzymes in the cells from animals both immune and nonimmune to hog cholera were activated upon infection with both virulent and vaccine strains of the virus. No proteinase activity was detected in the culture medium in which infected porcine leukocytes were cultured. Possible pathological reactions of a cell to viral infection are discussed.

[Localizing the major peptides of African swine fever virus and virus-associated enzymes in the virion structure]. / Lokalizatsiia mazhornykh polipeptidov virusa Afrikanskoi chumy svinei i virusassotsiirovannykh fermentov v strukture virionov.

African swine fever virus polypeptides with molecular weight of 120, 78, 69, 59, 56, 45, 39, 28, 26, 24, 16, and 14 kD are the major proteins in the purified virions, as shown by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. A mixture of proteases and pancreatic lipase hydrolyzed the polypeptides of 120 and 78 kD in viral preparations at low concentrations of enzymes, polypeptides of 69, 56, 45, 39, 28, and 14 kD disappeared after treatment with this mixture at medium concentrations, and 26 kD polypeptide was eliminated at a high concentration of the enzymes. The 21 kD polypeptide which did not react with the specific antiviral serum in immunoblotting was not hydrolyzed by proteases contaminating lipase. Treatment with triton X-100 and ether boosted the activity of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, whereas treatment with ether followed by resedimentation markedly decreased polymerase activity in the resultant sediment. Treatment with diethyl ether did not influence the activity of virus-associated ATPase, which was partially resistant to denaturating organic solvents acetone and chloroform-methanol mixture. Our findings and published data permitted us to propose a schematic arrangement of viral polypeptides and enzymes in the virion structure.

[Natural killers and cytotoxic lymphocytes in classical hog cholera]. / Estestvennye killery i tsitotoksicheskie limfotsity pri klassicheskoi chume svinei.

The formation of immune mechanisms directed at elimination of infected cells and including the activity of natural killers and cytotoxic lymphocytes was assessed in pigs infected with hog cholera virus. In acute disease natural killer activity in the blood is reduced, while in vaccinal process it is increased. Vaccination in parallel with cyclophosphamide immunodepression lead to inhibition of natural killer activity. Leukocytes and lymphocytes of immunized pigs can cause cytolysis of autologous targets infected with hog cholera virus.

[Immune reactions and mechanisms in classical swine fever]. / Immunnye reaktsii i mekhanizmy pri klassicheskoi chume svinei.

The authors review published data on the immune response in classical swine fever infection. Characteristics of the neutralizing antibodies, cytolytic reactions directed at elimination of infected cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and delayed-type hypersensitivity are discussed. Problems of potential theoretical and practical interest are formulated.

[Lipids from the African swine fever virus]. / Lipidy virusa Afrikanskoi chumy svinei.

The lipids of highly purified african swine fever virus (ASFV) propagated in porcine bone marrow cells were observed to contain 25.6% phospholipids, 9.7% monoglycerides, 14.1% cholesterol, 17.8% free fatty acids, 14.4% diglycerides, 13.6% triglycerides, and 6.7% cholesterol ethers. Diethyl ether extracts mono-, di-, triglycerides, free fatty acids, 50% of cholesterol and cholesterol ethers, and 25% of phospholipids from the virus. Analysis of the 14C-sodiumacetate incorporation into viral, cellular and plasmatic membrane lipids has shown that (a) different strains of ATV ASFV have identical composition; (b) viral lipid composition is determined by lipid composition of the infected cells plasmatic membrane; (c) the viral lipid composition is influenced by cells used for propagation of the ASFV.

[Polypeptides p14 and p31 of the African swine fever virus--early proteins located on the membrane of the infected cell]. / Polipeptidy p14 i p31 virusa afrikanskoi chumy svinei--rannie belki, lokalizovannye na membrane infitsirovannoi kletki.

African swine fever virus polypeptides p14 and p31 are synthesized in the presence of phosphonacetic acid which inhibits viral DNA replication, and therefore they are early viral proteins. These polypeptides were found to be localized on plasma membranes by immunofluorescence with monospecific antisera and monoclonal antibodies and by selective solubilization of infected cells. The p14-specific antibodies mediate complement-dependent cytolysis and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of the cells infected with African swine fever virus.

[The identification of the membrane proteins of human and animal viruses]. / Identifikatsiia membrannykh belkov virusov cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

The review deals with the methods of identification of virus-specific proteins on virion and infected cell surface. The isotopic labeling of membrane proteins, their extraction by proteolytic enzymes and selective solubilization by detergents are considered. The plasmatic membrane isolation by centrifugation and by means of microcarriers is described. The methods of membrane protein localization using monoclonal antibodies and radioimmunoprecipitation are presented.

[Polypeptides of African swine fever virus]. / Polipeptidy virusa afrikanskoi chumy svinei.

The published data on the characteristics and properties of structural and nonstructural polypeptides of the African porcine virus are reviewed. Localization of the viral proteins in virions and infected cells, kinetics of biosynthesis, glycosylation, phosphorylation and the antigenicity of the proteins are discussed.