[Effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on the parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in its stable course period].

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on bronchial patency and the volume parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission in order to determine whether the drug may be used in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with COPD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Heart rate, bronchial patency, and lung volume were studied by body plethysmography in 59 patients with COPD before and 14 days after administration of ivabradine in a daily dose of 10 mg. RESULTS: The I(f) channel blocker ivabradine that is a highly selective bradycardiac agent fails to affect the velocity and volume parameters of external respiration function, thus it may be used to treat CHD concurrent with COPD. CONCLUSION: The I(f) channel blocker ivabradine exerts no effect on external respiration function parameters (bronchial patency, volume parameters) and it can find clinical use in the treatment of angina pectoris and chronic heart failure in patients with CHD concurrent with COPD.

[Effects of systemic glucocorticoid hormones on functional indices of the respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute phase].

AIM: To evaluate influence of the treatment with systemic glucocorticoid hormones (SGH) during acute exacerbation of moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on parameters of respiratory function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 66 patients with severe COPD were included in the study. Airway resistance and lung volumes were measured with plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity - with a single breath method (TLCO SB) and saturation of blood with oxygen was measured with a method of pulseoximetry at admission of patients to a hospital and on day 14 of SGH treatment. RESULTS: Improvement of FEV1 by 26.3%, and a decrease in airway resistance by 44.2% (group 1) were observed only in 20 of 66 patients. In 46 patients improvement of airflow obstruction has not taken place (group 2). Dynamics of lung diffusion capacity and oxygen blood saturation were positive in both investigated groups of patients. TLCO SB has increased by 47.6% in group 1 and by 15.5% in group 2. O2 saturation has increased by 3.2 and 3.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: COPD symptoms attenuation in patients treated with SCH was associated with an increase in lung diffusion capacity and blood oxygen. Parameters of standard spirometry (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC do not reflect positive results of therapy.

[The lipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes in children with diabetes mellitus].

The present study was undertaken to examine the lipid spectrum of erythrocytic membranes and serum in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) during pathogenetic therapy in relation to the duration of the disease, its severity, and the presence of vascular events. Ninety-nine patients with DM-1 and 40 healthy children of the same age were examined. The patients were on basic bolus insulin therapy. In children, DM-1 was ascertained to be accompanied by not only atherogenic serum lipid metabolic disturbances (the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), but also by the impaired lipid spectrum of erythrocytic membranes (reductions in the level of total lipids and the fraction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with an increase in the level of fractions of tysophosphatidylcholine and phosphaUdylinositol; elevated levels of saturated fatty acids and decreased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the fractions of PC and phosphatidylethanolamlne; the enhanced microviscosity of deep membranous layers and the modified outer membranous ones). Complex basic therapy resulted in incomplete normalization of the study parameters of the lipid spectrum of serum and erythrocytic membranes in DM complicated by microangiopathies, which requires optimization of conventional therapeutic regimens.

[The effect of antitumor polychemotherapy on the structural, metabolic, and functional status of erythrocytes in patients with head and neck tumors]. / Vliianie protivoopukholevoi polikhimoterapii na strukturno-metabolicheskii status i funktsional'noe sostoianie eritrotsitov u bol'nykh s opukholiami golovy i shei.

The structure, metabolic status, and functional properties of erythrocytes in patients with stage III-IV head and neck tumors in the course of antineoplastic cytostatic chemotherapy (platidiam, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate) were studied. In the course of this treatment, disorders of the morphology and functional state of erythrocytes (reduced dry mass, decreased content of sulfohydryl grups and lipoproteins, increased number of transformed cells and the cells with violated ultrastructure, enhanced reversible aggregation of erythrocytes) were retained or became more pronounced.

[Protein composition of erythrocyte membranes in patients with stomach, colon and rectal cancer]. / Belkovyi sostav membran éritrotsitov u bol'nykh rakom zheludka, tolstoi i priamoi kishki.

Examinations of the protein composition of erythrocyte membrane in patients with cancer of the stomach, large intestine and rectum by using the method of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel revealed the changing contents of protein fractions, which consisted in a lower share of high-molecular polypeptides with, simultaneously, higher quantity of low-molecular peptides. A comparison of the studied parameters of the protein spectrum of erythrocyte membrane as observed in patients with cancer of the stomach, on the one hand, and in patients with tumors of the large intestine and rectum, on the other hand, led to defining the reliable difference only for the content of the fraction-5 proteins.

[Specific features of erythrocyte membranes and metabolism in patients with lung cancer]. / Osobennosti sostoianiia membran i metabolisma éritrotsitov u bol'nykh rakom lëgkogo.

A study of erythrocyte metabolism and membrane status has identified the structurally and metabolically deranged mature erythrocytes, both in anemic and anemia-free patients with stage III-IV lung cancer. Anemia incidence in non-small-cell lung cancer was significantly higher than in the small-cell lung cancer group.

[Chronic bronchitis: participation of red cells in the pathologic process]. / Khronicheskii bronkhit: uchastie éritrotsitov v patologicheskom protzesse.

To study characteristics of structural-metabolic status and function of erythrocytes in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), the examination was made of 53 CB patients (39 male and 14 female). A complex study of morphofunctional state of peripheral erythron included investigation of protein and lipid composition, microviscosity of the lipid phase of erythrocyte membrane, surface architectonics, ultrastructure, reversible aggregation of red cells, concentrations of sulfhydric groups, lipoproteins and dry cell mass in erythrocytes. CB patients were found to have prominent defects in membrane structure and metabolism of mature red cells (reduced dry mass and concentration of sulfhydric groups and lipoproteins, abnormal protein composition and lipid membrane spectrum, increased viscosity of membrane lipid bilayer), alterations of surface architectonics, shape, ultrastructure of erythrocytes. Disorders in structural-metabolic status of erythrocytes in CB patients affected their functional features, the ability for reversible aggregation, in particular. Functional disturbances of erythrocytes in CB patients aggravate the course of the disease and need correction with membrane-stabilizing and membrane-repairing drugs.

Structure and properties of lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes in patients with malignant tumors.

The study of erythrocyte membranes in untreated patients with malignant tumors of different location (lung cancer, tumors of the head and neck, stomach and colorectal cancer) revealed changes in the fatty-acid spectrum of phospholipid fraction paralleled by an increase in the viscosity of the lipid bilayer, including the area of protein-lipid contacts. The degree of changes depended on tumor location.

[Characteristics of reversible aggregation of peripheral blood erythrocytes in children with acute pneumonia]. / Pokazateli obratimoi agregatsii éritrotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u detei s ostroi pnevmoniei.

Acute pneumonia in children is associated with increase of the red blood cell aggregation characteristics. Pronounced changes in reversible aggregation of erythrocytes did not completely normalize after therapy and were the most pronounced in patients with complicated course of the disease, which necessitates intensifying the traditional methods for monitoring the efficiency of treatment and correction of traditional treatment protocols.

[Composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids and their biophysical parameters in children with insulin-dependent diabetes during therapy]. / Sostav lipidov membran éritrotsitov i ikh biofizicheskie kharakteristiki u detei s insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom v protsesse terapii.

Chronic secondary hyperglycemia in children with insulin insufficiency is characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes in membrane lipid spectrum and increased microviscosity of deep layers of peripheral blood erythrocyte membrane lipid bilayer. Traditional combined therapy does not normalize these parameters, which can lead to vascular complications in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

[Reversible aggregation and the surface architectonics of the peripheral blood erythrocytes in lung cancer patients before and during the carrying out of antitumor polychemotherapy]. / Obratimaia agregatsiia i poverkhnostnaia arkhitektonika éritrotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u bol'nykh rakom legkogo do i v khode provedeniia protivoopukholevoi polikhimioterapii.

In study of the parameters characterizing the minimal--U0(B) and maximal--UD(B) mechanical stability of aggregates, half period of red cell spontaneous aggregation--tau (in mm), photometric signal amplitude characterizing the number of red cells taking part in aggregation--A (in mm), and in calculating the aggregation index 1a and the integral coefficient of aggregation K intensification of reversible aggregation of the peripheral red blood cells was revealed in patients with lung cancer, which grew against the background of increase in the number of modified red blood cells during application of antitumor polychemotherapy.

[The effect of antitumor chemotherapy on the lipid spectrum of the erythrocyte membranes in lung cancer patients]. / Vliianie protivoopukholevoi khimioterapii na lipidnyi spektr membran éritrotsitov u bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The lipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes was studied by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography in patients with lung cancer in the process of antineoplastic cytostatic chemotherapy. The control group of examined subjects was formed of healthy volunteers. During a course of antineoplastic polychemotherapy according to the CAM scheme (cyclophosphan, adriamycin, methotrexate) disorders of the erythrocyte membrane lipid spectrum in patients with II-IV stage lung cancer remained or became still more manifest.

[Reversible erythrocyte aggregation in cancer patients]. / Obratimaia agregatsiia éritrotsitov u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Reversible aggregation of the peripheral blood erythrocytes was studied in patients with stages III-IV lung cancer and patients with stages II-III tumors of the head and neck (cancer of the tongue, larynx, and buccal mucosa). The parameters examined were as follows: U0 and Ud--minimal and maximal stability of aggregates, tau---red cell aggregation half-period, A--the amplitude of photometric signal (in mm) characterizing the count of erythrocytes, Ia--aggregation index, and K--integral coefficient. The findings indicate an appreciable intensification of reversible aggregation of red cells in cancer: a significant increase of U0, Ud, A, Ia, and K and decrease of tau.

[Reversible red cell aggregation in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Obratimaia agregatsiia eritrotsitov pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete u detei.

Red cell aggregation has been studied by photometry in 47 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The disease was associated with boosting of reversible red cell aggregation, which was most of all expressed during metabolic decompensation with ketoacidosis. When metabolic subcompensation was attained, this parameter did not completely normalize and still had to be corrected.