[The effect of melatonin and mexamine on the human thyroid under in-vitro conditions]. / Vliianie melatonina i meksamina na shchitovidnuiu zhelezu cheloveka v usloviiakh in vitro.

In in vitro study of the human euthyroid and thyrotoxic thyroid gland melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and, to a lesser measure mexamine (5-methoxytryptamine) had a dose-dependent inhibiting effect on thyroxine secretion. Moreover, melatonin weakened the TSH stimulating effect in relation to the secretory process in the thymus while mexamine did not. Despite the similarity in the quality of the effect of both methoxyindoles on the release of thyroxine, the mechanism of its realization differs: the action of melatonin is mediated by the adenylate-cyclase-cAMP system, but in the action of mexamine the cAMP-dependent mechanism does not take part. Maintenance of the sensibility of the human thyroid to the effect of TSH is an obligatory condition for realization of the action of both methoxyindoles on the secretory process in it.

[The effect of peptide-type epiphyseal hormones on the functional activity of the human thyroid in vitro. The action of epiphyseal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the normal human thyroid and on its secretory activity]. / Vliianie épifizarnykh gormonov peptidnoi prirody na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' shchitovidnoi zhelezy cheloveka v usloviiakh in vitro. Vozdeistvie épifizarnykh peptidov na akkumuliatsiiu tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v normal'noi shchitovidnoi zheleze cheloveka i ee sekretornuiu aktivnost'.

Effects of pineal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides of the human thyroid and its secretory activity were analysed on the basis of the data obtained after operation from patients with nodular euthyroid goiter) incubated with Epithalamine and Epiphisan, were studied. It was shown, that pineal peptides not only inhibited thyroid secretion function and cAMP accumulation, but also acted as modifiers of TSH stimulatory effects.

[The effect of peptide-type epiphyseal hormones on the functional activity of the human thyroid in vitro. The characteristics of the action of epiphyseal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the thyrotoxic thyroid and on its secretory activity]. / Vliianie épifizarnykh gormonov peptidnoi prirody na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' shchitovidnoi zhelezy cheloveka v usloviiakh in vitro. Osobennosti vozdeistviia épifizarnykh peptidov na akkumuliatsiiu tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v tireotoksicheskoi shchitovidnoi zheleze i ee sekretornuiu aktivnost'.

Reaction of the human TSH-sensitive and TSH-refractory thyroid, obtained from patients with hyperthyroidism, on pineal peptides was studied in vitro. It was shown, that pineal peptides (Epythalamine) are inhibitors of cAMP accumulation and hormone release only of normal and TSH-sensitive thyroid, but are ineffective in case of TSH-refractory thyroid. Thus, pineal peptides are modulators of specific TSH effect.

[Mineralocorticoid function of the rat adrenal gland and thyroid hormones]. / Mineralokortikoidnaia funktsiia nadpochechnikov krys i tireoidnye gormony.

Adrenal mineralocorticoid function was studied in 195 male albino Wistar rats with a different level of thyroid hormones in the organism. Aldosteronemia, aldosteronuria, and plasma renin activity were studied in in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments were carried out to study the content of aldosterone in the adrenals and its discharge into the incubation medium in euthyroid, hyper- and hypothyroid animals. Hyperthyroidization leads to manifest inhibition of the adrenal mineralocorticoid function, and suppresses aldosterone excretion in the urine and plasmic metabolic clearance in diminished formation of aldosterone in the glomerular zone. Changes of an opposite character occur in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of rats after total thyroidectomy. Injection of small doses of thyroxine also reduces aldosterone production in the adrenals of thyroidectomized animals. It is shown that an excess of endogenous thyroxine in the organism produces an inhibiting effect not only on the level of aldosterone production and secretion, but, to a definite measure, also on the level of the possible realization of its peripheral action.

[Seasonal dynamics of adrenal mineralocorticoid function in rats]. / Sezonnaia dinamika mineralokortikoidnoi funktsii nadpochechnikov krys.

Seasonal peculiarities of adrenal mineralocorticoid function and some aspects of its regulation have been studied in experiments on male Wistar rats. It has been found that changes in aldosteronemia and aldosteronurea were maximum in spring and minimum in summer--autumn period. The highest indices of aldosterone metabolic clearance from plasma were observed in winter with the following progressing decrease and a small increase in autumn. The diagram of melatonin content in the epiphysis of experimental rats was the same. Hypokinesia attenuated aldosteronurea during all the investigation periods, preserving the character of aldosterone secretion year curve. PRA level changed irrespective of aldosterone levels in plasma and urea. It has been concluded that a certain stability of mineralocorticoid adrenal function seasonal rhythms has different regulating effects.

[Regulation of aldosterone secretion in thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid hormones as possible stimulators of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. / Reguliatsiia sekretsii al'dosterona u bol'nykh tireotoksikozom. Tireoidnye gormony kak vozmozhnye stimuliatory aktivnosti sistemy renin-angiotenzin-al'dosteron.

A study was made of function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with diffuse tosic goiter before and after treatment with thyrostatic and thyroid drugs respectively. Diffuse toxic goiter was shown to be accompanied by the development of hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, and in hypothyrosis hypoaldosteronism developed in the presence of raised activity of plasma renin. A tendency to return of aldosterone indices in both groups of patients to normal was noted in the time course of appropriate therapy. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena were discussed.

[Adrenal cortex glucocorticoid function in the early stages of the development of different forms of diabetes mellitus]. / Gliukokortikoidnaia funktsiia kory nadpochechnikov na rannikh stadiiakh razvitiia raznykh form sakharnogo diabeta.

An increase in the basal cortisol level in the blood plasma or the adrenal cortex reaction to insulin hypoglycemia was seen in patients in the early periods of diabetes mellitus (latent, initial manifest type). No considerable differences were found between the adrenals of juvenile and adult diabetic patients. Combined diabetes mellitus and obesity led to a significant rise in the indices studied. An intensification of the adrenocortical glucocorticoid function is not accompanied by an enhancement of the hypophysis adrenocorticotropic function.