[Characteristics of arterial hypertension in psychoemotional burnout of emergency medical staffers].

Medical profession requires not only skills, but also significant emotional dedication that leads to psychoemotional overstrain and frequently to emotional burnout influencing blood pressure level, cardiovascular state and arterial hypertension course. With this, studying influence of psycho-social factors in medical staffers' occupational life, in accordance with length of service, on cardiovascular system with arterial hypertension is topical.

[Characteristics of serum lipids and vascular platelet hemostasis in medical staff with arterial hypertension].

Vascular complications of arterial hypertension are known to depend not only on the hypertension level, but also on risk factors including also dyslipoproteinemia and disorders of vascular and platelet hemostasis. Therefore studies of early mechanisms underlying arterial hypertension in medical staffers are topical and serve as a basis for early prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Arsenic trioxide suppresses paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest.

OBJECTIVES: To understand if there exists a functional interaction between arsenic trioxide and paclitaxel in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HeLa and HCT116 (rho53(+/+) and rho53(-/-)) cells were treated with As2O3 and/or paclitaxel for various times. Treated cells were collected for analyses using a combination of flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS: Because As(2)O(3) is capable of inhibiting tubulin polymerization and inducing mitotic arrest, we examined whether there existed any functional interaction between As(2)O(3) and paclitaxel, a well-known microtubule poison. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy revealed that although As(2)O(3) alone caused a moderate level of mitotic arrest, it greatly attenuated paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest in cells with p53 deficiency. Western blot analysis showed that As(2)O(3) significantly blocked phosphorylation of BubR1, Cdc20, and Cdc27 in cells treated with paclitaxel, suggesting that arsenic compromised the activation of the spindle checkpoint. Our further studies revealed that the attenuation of paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest by As(2)O(3) resulted primarily from sluggish cell cycle progression at S phase but not enhanced mitotic exit. CONCLUSION: The observations that As(2)O(3) has a negative impact on the cell cycle checkpoint activation by taxol should have significant clinical implications because the efficacy of taxol in the clinics is associated with its ability to induce mitotic arrest and subsequent mitotic catastrophe.

[Effect of different somatotypes on the intensity of changes of indices of height and body mass during early childhood]. / Vliianie razlichnykh somatotipov na intensivnost' izmenenii rostovykh pokazatelei i massy tela v period pervogo detstva.

Anthropometric study of 1425 children of both sexes aged 4-7 years followed by somatodiagnostics according to R. N. Dorokhov method has revealed that at the age of 4 significant proportion of girls belonged to macrosomal type. In the age period of 5-7 years, most part of the children belonged to mesosomal type. However, among the girls of 5-6 years and the boys of 5-7 years the significant proportion belonged to microsomal type (21.1-28.3% of children studied). The growth of height and body mass is more intensive in girls as compared to boys during the whole period of the first childhood. This regularity was found in all the somatotypes with the exclusion of the boys of macrosomal type aged 6-7 years, in whom the maximal reduction of growth of body length was observed.

[Cathepsins L and B and their endogenous inhibitors in embryonal fibroblasts transformed by different genes]. / Katepsiny B i L i ikh éndogennye ingibitory v émbrional'nykh fibroblastach, transformirovannykh razlichnymi genami.

Expression of cysteine proteinases, cathepsins L and B, and their inhibitors was studied out in three model systems of rat embryo fibroblasts, sequentially immortalized and transformed by different genes. In Model I rat embryo fibroblasts were immortalized with DNA of early region of simian adenovirus SA7 (clone REF-1) and then transformed by c-Ha-ras oncogene (REF-2EJ; malignant transformation). In Model II and III, the immortalized fibroblasts (clone IE5) were obtained by transfection with the polyoma virus LT gene and the clone IE5 used lost this gene; the malignant transformation was achieved by transfection with the E7 gene (clone trF8; Model II) and E6/E7 genes ¿clone A5E5(pC7-1); Model III]¿ of human papilloma virus types 16 and 18 respectively. In Model I, the increase in the total cathepsin L and B activity was correlated with the stages of transformation, at the same time, in Models II and III, this activity in immortalized IE5 fibroblasts was higher than at transformation stage. The activity of cathepsin L in lysates of transformed fibroblasts--REF-2EJ, significantly exceeded this activity both in transformed cells trF8 and A5E5(pC7-1)(6- and 10-fold, respectively). In cell cultures of Models I and II, the increases in secreted activity of cathepsins L and B were correlated with the stages of fibroblasts transformation, but in cultures of Model III, this activity at the stage of malignant transformation was lower than that the stage of immortalization. Therefore, the activities of cathepsins L and B were expressed to varying degrees at different stages of oncogenic transformation and the expression of their activities were dependent on type of transforming gene. It was established that changes in proteolytic potential were correlated with differences in the transforming phenotype of cell clones. An endogenous inhibitor(s) of cysteine proteinases was found in conditioned media of all type cell cultures. Expression and inhibitory properties of this inhibitor(s) were different at distinct stages of transformation.

Cytogenetic analysis of rat cells, transformed by human papillomavirus genes.

Chromosomal analysis of immortalized rat embryo fibroblasts (IE5) and transformed by HPV18 E6+E7 genes (A4E5) or HPV16 E7 alone (trB4; trF8; trC2) variants have been done. Transformed cell lines represented heterogeneous cell populations containing neardiploid subpopulations with 41-44 chromosomes and also heterogeneous polyploid cells in contrast to immortal cells IE5 that contained normal number of chromosomes-42. In transformed cells the abnormalities of interphase nuclei (giant-, micro-, apoptotic nuclei) were observed which could reflect genomic instability of polyploid cells. Several chromosomal alterations were revealed in immortal IE5 cells, but only reciprocal translocation t(8; 10) (q22q12.3) was stable and kept in cells transformed by HPV18 E6+E7 genes or HPV16 E7 alone. We can conclude that genomic instability and clonal expansion of the cells with specific chromosomal alterations contribute to HPV-mediated transformation.

Instability of chromosome 6 microsatellite repeats in human cervical tumors carrying papillomavirus sequences.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosome 6 in human squamous cervical carcinomas was analyzed in the long and short arms of the chromosome using 3 pairs of primers each. In all cases, normal adjacent tissue was used as control. Among 51 cases analyzed, we identified LOH or microsatellite instability in 23% using primer D6S291 (located at position 6p21.3) and in 11% using primers D6S308 (6q16.3-6q27) and D6S270 (6q22.3-6q23.2). On the contrary, no significant LOH or genomic instabilities were detected with primers D6S306 (6p22.3-6p21.2), D6S299 (6p22.3-6p21.3) and D6S287 (6q21-6q23.3). Our results thus suggest the existence of instable loci at 3 regions of chromosome 6. Whether these loci contain putative tumor-suppressor genes or genes involved in cell cycle control remains unknown.

The state of immortalized, transforming and suppressor genes in rat-cells, transfected by polyomavirus large-T and hpv18 e6+e7 genes.

Several novel cell clones (A1-A6) derived from the rat embryo fibroblasts immortalized by the polyoma virus T-antigen (LT) gene and transformed by HPV18 E6 and E7 genes were explored. Using E6 or E7 peptide antisera we detected E6 and E7 proteins with approximate molecular masses of 16 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. Monoclonal antibody to p53 PAb421 but not PAb240 precipitated different but appreciable amounts of p53 protein in all cell clones, indicating that wild-type p53 is expressed in these cells. So expression of HPV18 E6 protein in cells does not always lead to a complete reduction in p53 levels. The quantity of p53 protein in cell clones did not correlate with the level of polyoma virus large T-antigen expression. Variations in levels of p53 protein in clones did not influence on such cell biological properties as anchorage-independence and tumorigenicity for nude mice which were similar in all cell clones.

Changes in surface relief of suspended cells are morphological signs of the initial stage of neoplastic transformation in fibroblastic monolayer cultures.

The percentages of cells with different types of cell surface relief were determined in cell suspensions derived from monolayer cultures. Primary cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) and cell lines REF (LT) and REF-1, immortalized cells of which preserved normal phenotypic characteristics of the initial primary culture REF, as well as morphologically transformed tumorigenic lines REF (LT) ras and REF-2EJ were studied. In REF suspensions the cells with the blebbed type of surface relief were shown to be predominant as compared with those with microvillus relief whereas cell suspensions derived from both immortalized and fully transformed cultures display the reverse ratio of cells with those types of surface relief. Therefore, the pattern of cell surface relief in cell suspensions derived from fibroblastic monolayer cultures may serve as a morphological marker of the initial stage of neoplastic transformation-immortalization when typical morphological signs of cell transformation are not yet manifested in monolayer cultures.

Transformation of rat-embryo immortalized fibroblasts by the E6-E7 region of human papillomavirus type 18.

Plasmids containing the E6 and E7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 18 transformed rat-embryo fibroblasts when expressed under the cytomegalovirus promoter. The fibroblasts had been previously immortalized with the large T-antigen gene of the polyomavirus to produce rat embryo fibroblast (large T-antigen) [REF(LT)] cells. REF(LT) cells were transformed by the E6 and E7 sequences to anchorage independence and tumourigenicity, but there were no significant morphological alterations. Transformation by these sequences of REF(LT) cells differed from that achieved by pEJras, in which case significant morphological changes and tumourigenicity in nude mice did occur.

[The effect of Ha-ras oncogene on cells immortalized by the gene for polyomavirus large T-antigen]. / Deistvie onkogena Ha-ras na kletki, immortalizovannye genom bol'shogo T-antigena virusa poliomy.

Activated human Ha-ras oncogene cloned on the plasmid pEJras6,6 was transfected into REF (LT) cells immortalized by the gene for large T-antigen of the polyoma virus. The cells were shown to become completely transformed (in the terms of morphology and tumorogeneity) only after three cycles of transfection with the plasmid pEJras6,6. The integrated sequences of the plasmid pEJras6,6 and the ras oncogene product p21Ha-ras were detected in cells only after their selection in the nude mice (in the cell culture REF (LT) ras X 3tu obtained from the tumor and directly in the tumor cells). Thus, after sequential transfections with a c-Ha-ras oncogene we developed cell cultures on the different stages of transformation process.

[Age-related changes of the bones of the leg, foot and ankle joint in pole-vaulters]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia kostei goleni, stopy i golenostopnogo sustava u prygunov s shestom.

The data on age changes occurring in the height of the articular cleft of the talocrural joint, in morphological components of the diaphysis of the crus and foot bones have been presented in pole-jumpers and in non-sportsmen at the age of 13-21 years. Roentgenological, roentgenogrammetric and x-ray densitometric methods have been used. At the age of 14-15 years the greatest changes in the talocrural joint, crus and foot bones are noted.

[Biochemical and functional changes during immunization of rats with angiotensin II]. / Biokhimicheskie i funktsional'nye izmeneniia pri immunizatsii krys angiotenzinom-II.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in serum and some brain areas, level of angiotensin I in the blood and drinking behaviour during immunization of rats against conjugate of angiotensin II with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. The results show that an increase in antibodies against angiotensin II was correlated with elevated ACE activity in serum. There was a distinct tendency towards elevated level of angiotensin I in the blood. After a 6 month's immunization ACE-activity was reduced twofold to threefold in midbrain and hypothalamus-thalamus. During immunization water-uptake was increased by 40-45%.

[Hormonal regulation of expression of the oncogene v-src in mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3]. / Gormonal'naia reguliatsiia ékspressii onkogena v-src v myshinykh fibroblastakh NIH 3T3.

NIH 3T3 cells were transfected by plasmid containing v-src under control of hormone-regulated LTR MMTV (pMLsrc10). This plasmid caused the foci of morphologically transformed cells. The transformed cells induced rapidly growing tumours in nude mice. In the presence of dexamethasone the efficiency of NIH 3T3 cell transformation increased ten times, while tumourigenicity remained unchanged.

[Isolation of a stable cell line after transfection of rat embryo fibroblasts by the gene of the polyomavirus large T antigen]. / Poluchenie stabil'noi kletochnoi linii posle transfektsii krysinykh émbrional'nykh fibroblastov gena bol'shogo T-antigena virusa poliomy.

A stable cell line REF(LT) was established upon transfection of DNA plasmid containing a large T gene of polyoma virus. REF(LT) cells grow in a monolayer, their growth depends on the underlayer, they are non-carcinogenic. The dependence of cellular growth on serum factors is decreased.

[Complex evaluation of the extent of myocardial infarction based on precordial ECG cartograms, myoglobin level and the indicators of creatine kinase and LDH activities in the blood]. / Kompleksnaia otsenka razmerov infarkta miokarda po dannym prekordial'nogo kartografirovaniia EKG, kontsentratsii mioglobina i pokazateliam aktivnosti KFK i LDG v krovi.

Good correlation between the size of necrosis, as measured by precordial cartograms of 35 ECG leads, and blood CPK and LDH activity and myoglobin levels was demonstrated in 21 myocardial infarction patients. Myoglobin measurement is particularly informative for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction and the assessment of the size of necrosis. A formula is proposed for the estimation of the size of necrosis on the basis of variation in R waves from 35 ECG leads.

[Features of the structure of the metacarpal bones of athletes in different specialties]. / Osobennosti stroeniia piastnykh kostei sportsmenov raznykh spetsializatsii.

Metacarpal bones have been examined in hand X-ray photos of 125 sportsmen at the age of 17-18 years who go in for swimming (dynamic loading on the hand) and competitive gymnastics (static loading on the hand). Under the effect of systematic trainings, which are connected with an increased loading on the hand, a number of morphological changes take place in the metacarpal bones. A prolonged loading of the dynamic character delays the synostosis process in the distal parts of the forearm bones and contributes to lengthening the I, III and IV and to widening the I-V metacarpal bones. As demonstrate decreasing indices of compactness in the swimmers, the widening diaphisis of the metacarpal bones occurs at the expense of dilatation of the medullary cavity. The static loadings result in a greater delay of the synostosis processes in the upper extremity parts mentioned, in a greater width of the I-III, V metacarpal bones in boy-gymnasts. The increased index of compactness demonstrates that the widening diaphysis of the metacarpal bones takes place at the expense of thickening of the compact substance and narrowing of the medullary cavity.