ABSTRACT
The data on morphofunctional features of monocytes in healthy persons and the role of mononuclear phagocytes in immunological and non-immunological mechanisms of atherogenesis were presented. The review contains an information on the influence of various humoral and cellular factors on blood monocyte interaction with arterial intima and on the possible reasons of disturbances of monocyte lipid clearance from vascular wall at atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Monocytes/physiology , Animals , Antibody Formation , Arteriosclerosis/blood , Arteriosclerosis/immunology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Cell Adhesion , Disease Progression , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Monocytes/immunology , Tunica Intima/immunology , Tunica Intima/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors have improved the method for the gradient isolation of monocytes from human whole blood: an expensive reagent, percoll, is replaced by verograffin, an x-ray contrast agent. Monocytes were isolated by this method from the blood of 8 normal subjects. The isolated monocytes were identified and their population composition studied electronmicroscopically, cytochemically, and immunocytochemically. The monocyte population of healthy donors was found morphologically and cytochemically heterogeneous, consisting of 4 types of cells, forming on the monocytogram stable (in their per cent shares) classes. The improved method for monocyte isolation and the results of morphometric analysis may be used to assess the system of human mononuclear phagocytes in various diseases.
Subject(s)
Monocytes/cytology , Adult , Blood Donors , Cell Separation/methods , Diatrizoate Meglumine , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Indicators and Reagents , Microscopy, Electron , Monocytes/classification , Monocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
Population kinetics of monocytes (MC) was studied to prove their participation in atherogenesis. Increased number of cells containing lipids (CCL) in patients with severe stable angina pectoris is demonstrated (42.5 versus 7.4% in healthy persons). This is followed by MC esterase activity enhancement. In patients with angina of effort new types of MC appear (with high peroxidase and low esterase activity) and there is a drastic increase of CCL (more than 56%). The correlation between the number of CCL and indices of blood lipid metabolism in anginal patients is lacking. The results obtained may serve as a criterion for evaluating the degree and exacerbation of coronary atherosclerosis in humans.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Lipids/blood , Monocytes/cytology , Monocytes/pathology , Adult , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Esterases/blood , Humans , Kinetics , Leukocyte Count , Middle Aged , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Extracorporeal techniques (hemosorption, plasmapheresis, thrombocytoplasmapheresis, quantum hemotherapy) were studied for their impact on the clinical course of a disease and some hemostatic parameters in 370 patients with cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, hypertensive disease, lower extremity at atherosclerosis obliterans). They were found to be effective in managing patients with atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension who are refractory to the conventional drug therapy. When there was a positive clinical action of therapy, the patients with coronary heart disease were demonstrated to show better parameters of lipid metabolism, immunological status and blood aggregation control system. The hypotensive effect of plasmapheresis in patients with arterial hypertension was followed by a decrease in pressor hormone levels and peripheral vasodilatation.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Hypertension/therapy , Sorption Detoxification/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Adhesion and transendothelial migration of autologous blood monocytes have been studied in perfused swine arteries before and after injury produced by catecholamines. It has been shown that in the absence of plasma chemoattractant factors the damage of the vessel wall provides a significant increase in the number of monocytes adhered to the intima or migrated into intimal layer. The proportion of monocytes in these areas becomes 5 folds higher than in control regions. Possible immunological and not immunological mechanisms of mononuclear cells infiltration of the arterial intima are discussed.
Subject(s)
Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Epinephrine/toxicity , Monocytes/ultrastructure , Animals , Carotid Arteries/drug effects , Carotid Arteries/ultrastructure , Cell Adhesion , Cell Movement , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Monocytes/drug effects , Organ Culture Techniques , SwineABSTRACT
The paper deals with the preparation of endothelial monolayers "en face". New approach is based on the silver impregnation of cell borders prior to the endothelium replacing from the vascular wall.
Subject(s)
Aorta/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Silver , Staining and Labeling , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The aortas of 22 practically healthy persons who died accidentally at the age of 20 to 60 years and 112 patients with atherosclerosis dying from the complications of the ischaemic heart disease (IHD) at the age of 30 to 80 years were studied by macroluminescent analysis. The incidence and distribution of prelipid changes (PC) in the intima were compared to those of lipidosis. PC of the type of a simple oedema, gelatinous plaque or muscular-elastic hyperplasia extinguish the primary fluorescence and macroscopically look as areas having the shades of a blue colour. The spread of PC in the aorta depends on the age and the degree of atherosclerosis. A significant increase of the PC surface in the aorta of persons dying from IHD as compared to the healthy persons indicate the exacerbation of the atherosclerotic process. The type and the gravity of the atherosclerosis in the human aorta are determined by the qualitative and quantitative correlations of PC and lipidosis.
Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Aorta/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Lipidoses/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/pathology , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/metabolism , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Coronary Disease/complications , Coronary Disease/metabolism , Coronary Disease/pathology , Fluorescence , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Lipidoses/pathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In 20 rabbits, the mechanism responsible for receptor-mediated lesion and desquamation in the endothelium was studied during isolated aortic perfusion. The screening of catecholamines, artificial adrenoceptor agonists and agents simulating the action of secondary messengers indicated that simultaneous activation of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors resulted in endotheliocyte death and increased aortic wall permeability. Subsequently, the vasoactive agents entering as a component of transudate the medial aortic tunic caused persistent smooth muscle cell spasm. The resultant compressing tensions of the collagenoelastic carcass of the aorta led to the removal of the transudate from the medial tunic into the subendothelial space through the fenestras of the internal elastic membrane. The removable liquid detached impaired endothelial layers from the membrane surface and lifted it off, forming local distended areas. These areas were torn off by blood flow, uncovering the surface of the internal elastic membrane.
Subject(s)
Catecholamines/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology , Animals , Aorta/drug effects , Aorta/ultrastructure , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effectsABSTRACT
In sudden death of ventricular fibrillation occurring in coronary patients a new method of postmortem thermographic macroscopic diagnosis of ischemic stage myocardial infarction was found helpful in identifying areas of myocardial ischemia topographically close to stenosing atherosclerosis and considered due to thrombosis of the major and intramural branches of coronary arteries. Radionuclide and histochemical investigations confirmed relevant thermographic findings.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Thermography , Autopsy , Humans , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Blood Platelets/cytology , Platelet Function Tests , Blood Platelets/physiology , Humans , Methods , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A study of the effect of the main risk factors of atherosclerosis in coronary patients on the prevalence of lipoidosis and prelipid changes in the aortal intima showed a week interrelationship between the studied risk factors and prevalence of lipoidosis. A noticeable significant interrelationship of the prevalence of prelipid changes in the aortal intima, patient's age, the IRI level and alpha-XC concentration in the blood plasma was established. An equation was described. A nomogram was presented permitting determination of the prevalence of prelipid changes in the aortal intima and, consequently, the phase of a course of atherosclerosis during the patient's lifetime on the basis of the above risk factors.
