ABSTRACT
AIM: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two important chronic Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by prominent intestinal inflammation. Probiotics are the bacteria that promote the host health by its immunomodulatory activity. The present study investigated the correlation between in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties, and to assess the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum 231 (BIF 231), a new strain of probiotic in ulcerative colitis in rats. METHODS: In vitro adhesion assays and immunomodulatory effect of BIF 231 on interleukins (IL-1ß and IL-10) in IEC-6 cell lines were quantified by gram staining, scanning electron microscopy and q-PCR respectively. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Colitis was evaluated by alterations in colon gross morphology, histologically and biochemically. Colonic interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and protein expression were assessed by q-PCR, ELISA and western blot. RESULTS: BIF 231 showed better adhesion and immunomodulation by up-regulating IL-10 levels in IEC-6 cell lines. In vivo studies with treatment of BIF 231 (1.4×1011 CFU/rat/day) revealed anti-inflammatory effects both macroscopically and histologically. BIF 231 lowered TBARS, nitric oxide and augmented GSH levels. BIF 231 treatment to colitic rats down regulated IL-1ß levels with concurrent increase in IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS: BIF 231 exerted beneficial in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties which facilitated the recovery of the damaged tissue in TNBS-induced colitis.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion , Bifidobacterium bifidum/chemistry , Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology , Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy , Immunomodulation , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Probiotics/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/chemistryABSTRACT
Inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 21 (LAB 21) on inflammatory mediators in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The inflammatory response was assessed by changes in colon morphology, histopathology, and measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) mRNA and protein levels by ELISA. Besides, protein expressions of IL-1ß and IL-10 were also evaluated by western blot. Treatment with LAB 21 (1×10(10)CFU/rat/day) and sulfasalazine (500mgkg(-1) body weight) for 14days after induction of colitis, significantly decreased TBARS, NO and increased GSH concentration. The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1ß and TNFα were down-regulated, whereas, protein and mRNA expression of IL-10 was up-regulated in LAB 21-treated rats. Moreover, LAB 21 attenuated the macroscopic colonic damage, histopathological changes induced by TNBS. These results suggest that LAB 21 may be effective in the treatment of UC by immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy , Lactobacillus plantarum , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Animals , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism , Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Colon/pathology , Female , Glutathione/metabolism , Interleukin-10/genetics , Interleukin-10/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Probiotics/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Levels of cyclodiene pesticides (aldrin, α-endosulfan, ß-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate and heptachlor) residues in muscle, liver and kidney tissues of buffalo were estimated. The effects of common cooking methods (microwave cooking, boiling, broiling and pressure cooking) on the levels of endosulfan were determined. Aldrin and total endosulfan (α-endosulfan, ß-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate) residues were found in 42.86 and 64.29% of buffalo tissue samples, with overall mean residual concentration of 0.013 and 0.055 ppm, respectively. However, the levels of these residues were well below the maximum residue limit (MRL: aldrin 0.2 ppm; endosulfan 0.1 ppm) specified by national and international regulatory bodies. Cooking of endosulfan (Endoin 35 EC) spiked meat resulted in 58.33-64.59% reduction in α-endosulfan and 55.93-61.60% reduction in ß-endosulfan. Among the cooking methods, pressure cooking was most effective in reducing both α- and ß-endosulfan.
