ABSTRACT
Though it is thousands of years old, prostate cancer (PCa) has only been known for 200 years. Until about 50 years ago, the diagnosis could only be made by digital rectal examination. Although the first prostate biopsies were already implemented in the beginning of the last century, it only obtained importance with the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the early screening for PCa and the pathologist, thus, became an essential partner for the urologist. In more recent years, specific MRI has significantly increased the accuracy of prostate biopsies. Thus, the question arises whether this technique is going to be so meaningful one day that prostate biopsy and the associated pretherapeutic histology are going to be redundant.
Subject(s)
Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Neoplasms , Biopsy , Digital Rectal Examination , Humans , Male , Palpation , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
The present dissertation was submitted in 1713 at the University of Halle as part of the requirements to obtain the "licentiat". The author was Johann Michael Eisenbarth, the oldest son of the well-known physician Johann Andreas Eisenbarth. The dissertation delivers an overview over the history of the cystotomy, leading back to antiquity. In sixty paragraphs, the author dealt with different issues, such as diagnosis, preparation, and aftercare of patients with urinary bladder stones. However, the center of the thesis is the critical evaluation of all surgical methods known three hundred years ago.
Subject(s)
Cystotomy/history , Physicians/history , Urinary Bladder Calculi/history , General Surgery/history , Germany , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Nuclear FamilyABSTRACT
The nowadays generally forgotten Klinik am Weidenplan in Halle/Saale was a pioneering site in German urology. It was mainly shaped by Otto Kneise and Martin Stolze. Starting from a private department the clinic developed into a large urological hospital. In the nearly 100 years of its existence, numerous famous expert representatives emerged from it. In 1958, Martin Stolze became the first tenured professor for urology in the then DDR (German Democratic Republic) and shortly afterwards the Weidenplanklinik temporarily was a university clinic for urology in Germany.
Subject(s)
Urology/history , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Germany , Germany, East , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
The term chemotherapy is more than 100 years old and during this period it has been going through decisive changes in terminology. Initially describing an antibacterial therapy it now is known as a part of the new oncologic therapy. Those upheavels and their causes are represented. Conclusively, the evolution of the urooncologic chemotherapy is briefly outlined.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/history , Antineoplastic Agents/history , Drug Therapy/history , Medical Oncology/history , Terminology as Topic , Urology/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , HumansABSTRACT
Cancer can be traced back to the Iron Age. Both the ancient Egyptians and Hippocrates dealt with the disease. Urological tumor treatment is an integral part of urology and has undergone interesting developments. Today, it comprises all possible forms of treatment-from radical surgery to the most modern radiological therapies, including antihormal therapy, chemotherapy, and modern targeted therapy.
Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy/history , Medical Oncology/history , Molecular Targeted Therapy/history , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/history , Urologic Surgical Procedures/history , Urology/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , HumansABSTRACT
C. E. Alken is regarded as the Nestor of German urology post World War II. His development path is given in brief and his specific contributions to the emancipation of the field are pointed out. In 1948 he received a teaching assignment in urology at Saarland State University Homburg, where in 1952, a Chair of Urology was established, and in 1958 he received the Ordinariat. The "Alken-Prize" which was named after him, is also presented.
Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers/history , Faculty/history , Urologic Diseases/history , Urology/history , Awards and Prizes , Germany , History, 20th Century , HumansSubject(s)
General Surgery/history , Urography/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
Medical thought followed the general acceptance of scientific method in the mid-19th century with the foundation of specialist areas. In Vienna, urology was established very early as such a specialist area along with surgery. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, urology was still taught under the specialist areas of dermatology or surgery in universities in Berlin and other German cities. With the foundation of "modern urology" the battle for recognition as an independent specialist area began. Urology's origins are to be found in the two classical disciplines surgery and internal medicine as well their two older daughter specializations of gynecology and dermatovenerology. In September 1906, the German Society for Urology was founded, exactly 10 years after a first attempt had been made. In 1907 the "Zeitschrift für Urologie" (Journal for Urology) was founded.
Subject(s)
Societies, Medical/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansSubject(s)
Schools, Medical/history , Typhoid Fever/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansSubject(s)
Education, Medical/history , Schools, Medical/history , Germany , History, 18th Century , HumansABSTRACT
In the 2nd half of the 18th century, the small Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau was the model of an enlightened State, also in matters of health policy. The author stresses the influence of the Swiss Samuel-André Tissot on both Prince Leopold Friedrich Franz (1740-1817) and his foremost physician, Samuel Friedrich Kretzschmar (1730-1793). Tissot's influence manifested itself also in the early introduction of variolation.
Subject(s)
Health Policy/history , Public Health/history , Quackery/history , Germany , History, 18th Century , Humans , SwitzerlandSubject(s)
Art Therapy/methods , Bibliotherapy/methods , Music Therapy/methods , Sick Role , Humans , Physicians' OfficesABSTRACT
In honour the life of the important occultist and barber Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663-1727) is described. His name lives over the centuries in songs and romans and represented the traditional poor type of contemporary surgeons. But in the last decades this picture have been revised by research. In a short review of his life way these new therapeutic measures are presented. His therapeutic work in difference of his colleagues is described.
Subject(s)
Kidney Calculi/history , Surgical Instruments/history , General Surgery/history , Germany , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , HumansABSTRACT
In the first 6 weeks after kidney transplantation 15 patients suffering from vascular rejection were treated by 46 plasmapheres. In transplants with additional interstitial rejection the plasmapheresis was introduced after failure of ATG therapy. In 1 patient no histological confirmation was done. In 4 patients the plasmapheresis was successful and in 6 patients suffering from combined vascular and interstitial rejection the ATG therapy was successful only after initial plasmapheresis. In 4 cases the therapy failed to reverse rejection. The early use of plasmapheresis is recommended to obtain the best results.
Subject(s)
Graft Rejection/drug effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Plasmapheresis/methods , Antilymphocyte Serum/administration & dosage , Biopsy , Combined Modality Therapy , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Humans , Kidney Transplantation/pathology , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Renal Artery/pathologyABSTRACT
An artificial kidney has been taken into operation in the clinic for surgery of the University of Halle-Wittenberg since 1959. This was the second clinical arrangement in the DDR. The indication of the application evolved by the acute renal failure, about the chronic renal insufficiency, within to the hemodialysis as an additive for kidney transplantation. Coworkers of our clinic were engaged vigorously in the technical development of this method in the GDR.
Subject(s)
Renal Dialysis/history , Germany, East , History, 20th Century , Humans , Kidneys, Artificial/historyABSTRACT
The influence of different factors on the immediate function of the transplant was investigated retrospectively in 172 patients. The immediate function of the transplanted kidney was influenced negatively by dehydration of the patient, by intraoperative decrease in blood pressure above 30 mmHg, by an prolonged cold ischemia time, and by the "handling time".
