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1.
Animal ; 15(3): 100138, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33573943

ABSTRACT

The homeostasis dysfunctions caused by cold stress remain a threat to intestinal health, particularly for young broiler chickens. We hypothesized that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was involved in the regulation of cold stress on intestinal health. This study aimed to examine the effect of cold stress for 72 h on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal barrier molecules, and AMPK in broilers. A total of 144 10-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were subjected to temperature treatments (control 28  ±â€¯1 °C vs cold stress 16 ±â€¯1 °C) for 72 h. Growth performance was monitored, serum was collected for the analysis of physiological parameters, and jejunal mucosa was sampled for the determination of tight junction (TJ) proteins, heat shock proteins, and AMPK signaling molecules. Results showed that 72 h cold treatment reduced average BW gain and increased the feed conversion ratio of the broilers (P < 0.05). Cold stress for 72 h increased blood endotoxin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 h cold treatment up-regulated jejunal Occludin, zonula occludin 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, heat shock factor 1, and AMPKα1 gene expression (P < 0.05) but had no obvious effect on total AMPK protein expression (P > 0.05). In conclusion, cold stress significantly reduced the growth performance of broiler chickens. The intestinal barrier function might be impaired, and enhanced bacterial translocation might occur. The unregulated gene expression of TJ proteins implied the remodeling of intestinal barrier. The change of AMPK suggested the possible relationship between intestinal energy metabolism and barrier function under cold stress.


Subject(s)
Chickens , Cold-Shock Response , Adenosine Monophosphate , Animals , Intestines , Male , Protein Kinases
2.
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi ; 28(5): 403-409, 2020 May 20.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32536056

ABSTRACT

Objective: To clarify the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Huoxue recipe in the treatment of liver fibrosis of chronic viral hepatitis. Methods: An open, positive-drug, parallel-controlled study method was applied. A total of 207 cases of liver fibrosis with chronic hepatitis B and C diagnosed with liver biopsy and transient elastography were selected. According to the principle of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine, self-made Yiqi Huoxue recipe (n = 127) and Fuzheng Huayu capsule (n = 80) were used for the treatment course of 24-48 weeks. Change score of TCM symptom, liver biochemistry, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and noninvasive liver fibrosis index [aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4)] were compared between the two groups to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on liver fibrosis. Results: Yiqi Huoxue recipe group and Fuzheng Huayu capsule group baseline LSM, APRI and FIB-4 was compared, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Yiqi Huoxue recipe and Fuzheng Huayu capsule received patients had improved symptom scores to a certain extent. Hepatic facies, discomfort over liver area, and soreness and weakness of waist and knees (P < 0.05) was significantly improved in Yiqi Huoxue recipe than Fuzheng Huayu capsule. Liver biochemical indicators (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP) had gradually relapsed with the extension of treatment duration and the normalization rate between the two groups after 24 to 48 weeks had reached 100% vs. 100%, 100% vs. 93.8%, 96.8% vs. 92.3% and 87.5% vs. 81.8%. After 12 weeks of treatment, APRI values ​​of both groups had significantly reduced, and after 48 weeks of treatment, LSM values of both groups had significantly improved. Moreover, Yiqi Huoxue recipe FIB-4 score was significantly improved after 48 weeks of treatment, and the difference was statistically significant compared to Fuzheng Huayu capsule group (P < 0.05). After treatment, LSM, APRI, and FIB-4 total effectiveness in the two groups were 80.0% vs. 63.6%, P = 0.046; 68.4% vs. 52.0%, P = 0.052; 68.4% vs. 62.0%, P = 0.437, respectively. LSM total effectiveness was significantly higher in Yiqi Huoxue recipe treated group than Fuzheng Huayu capsule group. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue decoction can be used as an optimal treatment for liver fibrosis of chronic viral hepatitis.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Liver Cirrhosis , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology , Humans , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional
3.
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi ; 26(5): 328-331, 2018 May 20.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29996198

ABSTRACT

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic progressive liver disease. A non-invasive diagnostic technique for hepatic fibrosis combined with liver biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunology, imaging study, liver histopathological assessment, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation can accurately diagnose the cause, severity of disease, and determine the prognosis. In clinical practice of Western medicine, there are five-stages of cirrhosis classification, with periods 1 and 2 being compensated stage, and periods 3 to 5 being decompensated stage. Etiological treatment and anti-hepatic fibrosis treatment are the basic measures for different disease severity and complications. Comprehensive application of modern medical technology and traditional Chinese medicine differentiation therapy can improve the treatment effect and survival rate.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Liver Cirrhosis , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Drug Therapy, Combination , Phytotherapy , Prognosis , Survival Rate
4.
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi ; 25(9): 687-694, 2017 Sep 20.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29108191

ABSTRACT

The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) updated and published the Practice Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in July 2017, which provides recommendations for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and effective prevention of NAFLD. Related metabolic diseases should be considered during the initial evaluation of patients suspected of NAFLD. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques including transient elastography, magnetic resonance elastography, and serum biochemical models should be used to evaluate the development and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Clinical liver pathology report should clearly differentiate between nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), NAFL with inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and identify the presence or absence of liver fibrosis and its degree. Early medication for NAFLD can only be used in patients with pathologically confirmed NASH and liver fibrosis, and it is not recommended to use pioglitazone and vitamin E as the first-line drugs for patients with NASH which has not been proven by biopsy or non-diabetic NASH patients. Foregut bariatric surgery can be considered for obese patients with NAFLD/NASH who meet related indications. It is emphasized that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be eliminated for NAFLD patients. Statins can be used for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH, but they cannot be used in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Routine screening or hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance is not recommended for NASH patients without liver cirrhosis. Cardiovascular disease should be taken seriously during liver transplantation evaluation. There is still no adequate clinical evidence for the treatment of NAFLD in children and adolescents, and intensive lifestyle intervention is recommended as the first-line therapy for such patients.


Subject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Child , Disease Management , Humans , Liver Neoplasms , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy , United States
5.
Br Poult Sci ; 57(6): 833-841, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27717289

ABSTRACT

An experiment with a 2 × 3 factorial design with two concentrations of dietary betaine (0 and 600 mg/kg) and three dietary concentrations of methionine (0, 600 and 1200 mg/kg) was conducted using goslings to estimate growth, nutrient utilisation and digestibility of amino acids from 21 to 70 d of age. Three hundred geese were randomised at 18 d of age into 6 groups with 5 replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate. Increasing dietary concentrations of methionine gave a linear increase in body weight and average daily gain. The coefficient of crude fat retention increased as dietary methionine increased and there was a significant non-linear response to increasing dietary methionine. Similarly, increasing supplemental methionine gave linear increases in the digestibility of methionine and cysteine. The results of this study indicated that optimal dietary supplementation of methionine could increase growth performance and methionine and cysteine utilisation in growing goslings. Betaine supplementation had no apparent sparing effect on methionine needs for growth performance, but did improve the apparent cysteine digestibility.


Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Betaine/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Geese/physiology , Methionine/metabolism , Amino Acids/physiology , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Betaine/administration & dosage , Digestion/physiology , Geese/growth & development , Male , Methionine/administration & dosage , Weight Gain
6.
Br J Cancer ; 108(7): 1470-9, 2013 Apr 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23511556

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that AIB1 overexpression is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival of bladder cancer (BC) patients. In this study, we characterised the role and molecular mechanisms of AIB1 in BC tumorigenicity. METHODS: AIB1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in non-muscle-invasive BC tissue and adjacent normal bladder tissue. In addition, the tumorigenicity of AIB1 was assessed with in vitro and in vivo functional assays. RESULTS: Overexpression of AIB1 was observed in tissues from 46 out of 146 patients with non-muscle-invasive BC and was an independent predictor for poor progression-free survival. Lentivirus-mediated AIB1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, whereas AIB1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation in vitro. The growth-inhibitory effect induced by AIB1 knockdown was mediated by G1 arrest, which was caused by reduced expression of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins through the AKT pathway and E2F1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that AIB1 promotes BC cell proliferation through the AKT pathway and E2F1. Furthermore, AIB1 overexpression predicts tumour progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive BC.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Aged , Animals , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Cell Growth Processes/physiology , Cell Line, Tumor , E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Middle Aged , Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/deficiency , Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/genetics , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage , Signal Transduction , Transfection , Transplantation, Heterologous , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
7.
Arch Virol ; 158(6): 1407-10, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23397332

ABSTRACT

A 246-nt variant of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) has been identified and described from oil palms with orange spotting symptoms in Malaysia. Compared with the 246-nt form of CCCVd from coconut, the oil palm variant substituted C(31)→U in the pathogenicity domain and G(70)→C in the central conserved domain. This is the first sequence reported for a 246-nt variant of CCCVd in oil palms expressing orange spotting symptoms.


Subject(s)
Cocos/virology , Plant Diseases/virology , Viroids/genetics , Base Sequence , Genetic Variation , Malaysia/epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Point Mutation/genetics
8.
Oncogene ; 31(5): 583-94, 2012 Feb 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21685935

ABSTRACT

The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is upregulated and has an oncogenic role in several types of human cancer. However, the abnormalities of EZH2 and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of EZH2 in NPC was associated closely with an aggressive and/or poor prognostic phenotype (P<0.05). In NPC cell lines, knockdown of EZH2 by short hairpin RNA was sufficient to inhibit cell invasiveness/metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic overexpression of EZH2 supported NPC cell invasive capacity with a decreased expression of E-cadherin. In addition, ablation of endogenous Snail in NPC cells virtually totally prevented the repressive activity of EZH2 to E-cadherin, indicating that Snail might be a predominant mediator of EZH2 to suppress E-cadherin. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation (IP), chromatin IP and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that in NPC cells, (1) EZH2 interacted with HDAC1/HDAC2 and Snail to form a repressive complex; (2) these components interact in a linear fashion, not in a triangular fashion, that is, HDAC1 or HDAC2 bridge the interaction between EZH2 and Snail; and (3) the EZH2/HDAC1/2/Snail complex could closely bind to the E-cadherin promoter by Snail, but not YY1, to repress E-cadherin. The data provided in this report suggest a critical role of EZH2 in the control of cell invasion and/or metastasis by forming a co-repressor complex with HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail to repress E-cadherin, an activity that might be responsible, at least in part, for the development and/or progression of human NPCs.


Subject(s)
Cadherins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism , Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Adult , Animals , Base Sequence , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Histone Deacetylase 1/genetics , Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Protein Binding , RNA Interference , Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Snail Family Transcription Factors , Transcription Factors/genetics
9.
Arch Virol ; 149(2): 425-34, 2004 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14745606

ABSTRACT

The deduced amino acid sequences of segment A and B of two very virulent Infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolates, UPM94/273 and UPM97/61 were compared with 25 other IBDV strains. Twenty amino acid residues (8 in VP1, 5 in VP2, 2 in VP3, 4 in VP4, 1 in VP5) that were common to vvIBDV strains were detected. However, UPM94/273 is an exceptional vvIBDV with usual amino acid substitutions. The differences in the divergence of segment A and B indicated that the vvIBDV strains may have been derived from genetic reassortment of a single ancestral virus or both segments have different ability to undergo genetic variation due to their different functional constraints.


Subject(s)
Genome, Viral , Infectious bursal disease virus/genetics , Infectious bursal disease virus/pathogenicity , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Chickens/virology , Genetic Variation/genetics , Infectious bursal disease virus/classification , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation, Missense/genetics , Open Reading Frames/genetics , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Viral Structural Proteins/chemistry , Viral Structural Proteins/genetics , Virulence/genetics
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