The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on nurses' anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness interventions on nurses' levels of depression and anxiety. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS: The following Chinese and English databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI). The retrieval period was from database construction to 30 March 2022. Two researchers screened the relevant literature and extracted the data. After a cross-check, data were input into Stata version 16.0 for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twelve randomised controlled trials from 2017 to 2021 were included, which involved 807 subjects (405 and 402 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Meta-analysis results showed that nurses' anxiety reduced by mindfulness-based interventions was significantly higher compared to that of the control group (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.27-1.55, p < 0.05). Furthermore, an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.61-2.24) reduced the level of anxiety significantly more compared to a 4-week intervention (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.36-1.71). Mindfulness-based interventions were better compared to conventional intervention to reduce the level of depression (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.42-1.61, p < 0.05), and an 8-week mindfulness intervention (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.78-2.84) reduced the level of depression significantly more compared to a 4-week intervention (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.29-1.35). Since limited studies had interventions longer than 8 weeks, results on longer mindfulness interventions in reducing nurses' anxiety and depression are inconclusive. In conclusion, mindfulness intervention for 8 weeks or less can significantly reduce nurses' anxiety and depression levels. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: None.

'Mindfulness Living with Insomnia': an mHealth intervention for individuals with insomnia in China: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Insomnia has a remarkably negative effect on the work, quality of life and psychosomatic health of individuals, and imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have proven beneficial in the treatment of insomnia. However, the effect of mobile or online-based (mHealth) MBIs requires further verification. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of an mHealth MBI, 'Mindful Living with Insomnia' (MLWI), relative to that of mHealth cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is an mHealth, randomised controlled trial. Two hundred and fifty participants will be allocated randomly and equally to either the MLWI or CBT-I group. The intervention will involve 12 sessions over a 6-week course, with 2, 30 min sessions per week. The primary outcomes are sleep quality, severity of insomnia symptoms and sleep activity, according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index and sleep tracker Mi Smart Band, respectively. The secondary outcomes are perceived stress, anxiety, depression and mindfulness. Outcomes will be evaluated at the baseline, end of the intervention period and at the 3-month follow-up. Data analyses will include covariance, regression analysis, χ2, t-test and Pearson's correlations. Participants will be recruited from January to June 2022, or until the recruitment process is complete. The follow-up will be completed in December 2022. All trial results should be available by the end of December 2022. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Full approval for this study has been obtained from the Ethics Committee at The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (21010). Study results will be disseminated via social media and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04806009.

The Chinese Version of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties Among University Students.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Maladaptive emotion regulation is a strong predictor of depression or anxiety. Behavioral emotion regulation has a direct influence on coping with negative emotion. Although it is interesting to explore more about the behavioral emotion regulation, most of the existing measures can not assess it separately. The Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) has made important gain in addressing conceptual confusion between cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation. As there is a lack of single and stable measure to assess behavioral emotion regulation in mainland China, we translated the BERQ into Chinese to fit this gap. METHODS: We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the BERQ (BERQ-C) based on a sample of Chinese university students (n=816). Factor analysis was performed to assess the construct validity of the BERQ-C. To test its reliability and validity, all the participants were invited to complete BERQ-C, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and CERQ-C. Of the initial samples, 138 students participated in the second measurement with completing BERQ-C twice. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model. The internal consistence (Cronbach's α = 0.71 ~ 0.85), the split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.66 ~ 0.85), and the test-retest stability (ICC = 0.55 ~ 0.67) are all acceptable. The criterion-related validity is good. CONCLUSION: The BERQ-C is a promising instrument to assess behavioral emotion regulation among the Chinese university students. Future studies are needed to explore the questionnaire's psychometric properties among wider range of population especially for patients.