Transcervical and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a substernal goiter.

Several genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of multinodular goitre. A transcervical surgical resection is recommended for larger goitres, though a minority of cases may require sternotomy or thoracotomy. We present a case of a posterior substernal goitre that was resected with combined transcervical and robotically assisted thoracic approaches. A woman in her 30s with an enlarging thyroid goitre elected to proceed with surgical resection. CT imaging demonstrated significant extension of the goitre into the posterior mediastinum and a staged approach was decided on. Both the initial transcervical thyroidectomy and the subsequent robotically assisted resection of the mediastinal portion were successful, without major complications. While most substernal goitres can be resected transcervically, certain rare anatomic features, such as extension into the posterior mediastinum, warrant consideration of a thoracic approach. Specifically, a robotic-assisted resection poses several advantages over traditional, more invasive approaches.

Increasing disparity between Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and real-world practice.

OBJECTIVE: The current Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines, based on randomized controlled trials published more than a decade ago, recommend a minimum threshold diameter of 5.5 cm for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (iAAA) repair. It is unknown whether practice patterns with respect to size of repair have changed since the publication of these guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the real-world practice of vascular surgeons in our region with respect to iAAA size at the time of repair, whether this has changed over the past 12 years and if any changes were associated with the repair type, open vs endovascular. METHODS: The Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) database was used to identify all patients who received iAAA repair between 2003 and 2015. The primary end point was to quantify the annual percentage of iAAAs repaired in different size categories (≥5.5 cm; <5.5 cm but ≥5.0 cm; <5.0 cm) over the study time period and by type of repair. The secondary end points were morbidity and mortality in these groups. We excluded nonelective cases (ruptured or symptomatic), patients with coexisting iliac artery aneurysms, and those missing critical data. RESULTS: A total of 5314 patients with iAAA repairs (1538 open, 3776 endovascular) were identified in the VSGNE database during the study period. In 40% (2110 of 5314) of patients, repair was performed for aneurysms <5.5 cm, with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) comprising 75% (1581 of 2110) and open 25% (529 of 2110). More EVARs were performed for <5.5 cm in 2015 (46%) compared with 2003 (33%) (P < .05, n - 1 χ2) with an average increase of 1.1%/y. There was also a non-statistically significant increase in open repair of small aneurysms (0.7%/y; P = .759). Overall, 30-day mortality was 1.11% in the EVAR group (0.54% in <5.0 cm, 0.91% in ≥5.0 but <5.5 cm, and 1.55% in ≥5.5 cm), compared with 3% in the open group (2.88%, 1.79%, and 3.77%, respectively) with no significant change in mortality in either group over time. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the SVS guidelines suggesting surveillance rather than repair of iAAA <5.5 cm, an increasing proportion of repairs in the VSGNE database were performed below that threshold. The reasons for this are likely multifactorial and might include a lesser complexity and lower operative mortality for smaller aneurysms and markedly improved third- and fourth-generation stent graft technology with possibly better long-term survival. As such, it may be time to re-examine the current guidelines for iAAA repair.

H1N1v influenza vaccine in Greek medical students.

BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the penetration of the H1N1v vaccine in Greek medical students, as well as their approach to the vaccination. METHODS: A survey was conducted among the students of the University of Athens, School of Medicine, 1 month after the initiation of the vaccination programme. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding their status of vaccination and their approach to the H1N1v vaccine. RESULTS: We handed a questionnaire to 1000 students (out of 1700 officially enrolled in the medical school) and retrieved 922 answers. Only 74 (8%) medical students had been vaccinated and 78 (9%) planned to (probably or definitely) do so in the future, while 641 (67%) would (probably or definitely) not get vaccinated. The highest coverage was among the sixth year students (37/234, 16%). The most common reasons for not having received the vaccine were perception of the disease as mild (387/848, 46%), and concern regarding long-term adverse events (370/848, 44%). Thirty percent (258/848) of the students doubted the vaccine's effectiveness, and 197 (23%) worried about possible short-term adverse events. One hundred and thirty-three respondents (16%) believed the whole story is a conspiracy while 102 (12%) reported to have had the flu. Almost half (43%) of the participants considered their knowledge on the subject inadequate. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirmed the low penetration of the H1N1 vaccine in Greece, as in most European countries, even in medical students. Better education of the students and the public might aid in increasing the immunization rates.