ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The influence of isoform A of reticulon-4 (Nogo-A), also known as neurite outgrowth inhibitor, on primary brain tumor development was reported. Therefore the aim was the evaluation of Nogo-A concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of brain tumor patients compared with non-tumoral individuals. RESULTS: All serum results, except for two cases, obtained both in brain tumors and non-tumoral individuals, were below the lower limit of ELISA detection. Cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations were significantly lower in primary brain tumor patients compared to non-tumoral individuals. The univariate linear regression analysis found that if white blood cell count increases by 1 × 103/µL, the mean cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentration value decreases 1.12 times. In the model of multiple linear regression analysis predictor variables influencing cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations included: diagnosis, sex, and sodium level. The mean cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentration value was 1.9 times higher for women in comparison to men. In the astrocytic brain tumor group higher sodium level occurs with lower cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations. We found the opposite situation in non-tumoral individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Univariate linear regression analysis revealed, that cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations change in relation to white blood cell count. In the created model of multiple linear regression analysis we found, that within predictor variables influencing CSF Nogo-A concentrations were diagnosis, sex, and sodium level. Results may be relevant to the search for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in primary brain tumor patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nogo-A concentrations were tested by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Albuminuria is an early marker of the microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic complication accompanying the disease, especially hyperglicaemia, have significant influence on the range of albumin excretion. The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary albumin excretion and percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in relation to fasting and postprandial glycaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research was made in two groups of patients with confirmed albuminuria: in the 1st group with good glycemic control with HbA1c > or = 6,1%-< or = 6,5%, and in the 2-nd group with poor glycemic control with HbA1c > 6,5%-< or = 10%. The control group consisted of 21 patients with essential hypertension and coexisted albuminuria, not suffering from diabetes. The average fasting and postprandial glycemic were calculated for each patient on the basis of the last three values of glycaemia from the patient's self-control test. The extent of albuminuria and the percentage of HbA1c were determined by the immunoturbidimetric test. RESULTS: The highest albumin excretion in urine was noticed in the group with poor glycemic control, a slightly lower level of albuminuria was found in the group with good glycemic control, however the lowest level of albumin excretion was noticed in the control group. The differences were not statistically significant. The fasting glycaemia as well as postprandial glycaemia were increased in the group with higher percentage of HbA1c (p < 0,001) with comparison to the group with good glycemic control. The average percentage of HbA1c was 7,54% in the group with poor glycemic control and was significantly connected with larger glycaemia with comparison to the 2nd group with average percentage of HbA1c 6,3%. CONCLUSIONS: The excretion of albumin in urine rises with increased glycaemia and percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. Fasting glycaemia as well as postprandial glycaemia have influence on the percentage of glycated hemoglobin.
