[Antimicrobial activity of stable silver nanoparticles of a certain size].

Conditions for obtaining stable silver nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm were developed using a binary stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone/sodium dodecylsulphate in optimal ratio. Optical spectra, morphology and dependence of size of the nanoparticles on the amount of reducing agent were studied. Colloidal solutions of nanosilver showed a high bactericidal activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. The mechanism of action of nanosized silver on microbial cell was examined by laser scanning confocal microscope using fluorescent label. First step of antimicrobial effect on microorganisms was membrane damage and penetration of silver nanoparticles into the cell. Prolonged stability of nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity over the past two years were showed.

[Drinking water regulations in Ukraine and infectious morbidity rate with water pathway of transmission of causative agents].

These are presented drinking water regulations in Ukraine on microbiological indices in the new state document "Hygienic Drinking water regulations intended for human consumption" (State sanitary regulations and standards (GsanPiN) 2.2.4-171-10). There is reported an analysis of both the open waterbodies water quality and water for centralized water supply in 2007-2011 and 1992-1996 also on sanitary-bacteriological indices for performance of comparative retrospective analysis. There has been shown water quality degradation for open waterbodies, the main sources of water supply for population. Against this background, a marked improvement of drinking water quality has been noted, the number of non-standard samples decreased to 3.6 % compared with 8.8% in the preceding 15 years. This index correlates with a decrease in the number of outbreaks of infections transmitted by water. There was noted unsatisfactory registration of viral infections with water pathway of transmission and the increase in morbidity rate of gastroenterocolitides of unknown etiology that may include acute viral intestinal infections. Expediency to keep "fermentation of glucose" test in bacteriological examination of water in the identification scheme of general coliforms has been substantiated.

[The study of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles in the form of a colloidal solution in the matrix of finely dispersed silica].

In the experimental study obtained with chemical method colloid solution of nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and a composite on his base in the matrix of finely dispersed silica with particle size of 8-12 nm and NPs concentration in basic solution of 0,0016% (0,016 mg/cm3) were established to exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the test organisms: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. Aureus and C. Albicans, which depended on a set of factors. Antibacterial properties of tissue impregnated with Ag-NPs were studied. As stabilizing substances a mixture of surface-active substance sodium dodecyl sulfate and polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone was used Before the beginning of the study effective neutralizer was tailored. Times of preservation of antimicrobial activity of test samples have been established, and also their stability throughout long term of supervision (24 months) has been shown. Effect of organic pollution on antimicrobal activity of the samples has been studied. Based on obtained results the algorithm of the study of antimicrobial properties of nanopreparations has been elaborated.

[Study of the mechanisms of interaction between intestinal bacteriophages and polyaluminum coagulants].

The authors have investigated the adsorption-elution of intestinal bacteriophages T2 and MS2 as a model of enteric viruses, by using the coagulants aluminum oxychloride (AOX78) and aluminum sulfate (AS). The investigation has ascertained the effective removal of the phages from water with AOX78 (98.7-100%) and the low efficiency of elution of coliphages from the particles of AOX hydrolysis products (0.1-3.7% of the baseline count of bacteriophages), which may suggest that AOX has antiviral activity. The above phenomena produced by AS are less evident.

[Development of sanitary microbiology researches at the A. N. Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev)].

The paper describes the main stages of development of sanitary bacteriological studies at the leading hygiene research institute of Ukraine--the A. N Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology. These researches have made a substantial contribution to the formation and development of hygiene science in the former Soviet Union. The current and promising areas in sanitary microbiology in Ukraine are considered.

[Risk of halophilic morbidity in connection with the eutrophication of the seashore]. / Risk zabolevaemosti galofilezom v sviazi s evtrofikatsiei pribrezhnoi zony moria.

Significant role of the littoral eutrophication in the growth of parahemolytic vibrio caused acute gastrointestinal disturbance- halophilosis was described.

[Sanitary-indicative significance of the content of microorganisms of the Candida genus in the water at sea beaches]. / Sanitarno-pokazatel'noe znachenie soderzhaniia mikroorganizmov roda Candida v vode morskikh pliazhei.

Possibility to use the microfungi from genus Candida as the sanitary index of the water quality was substantiated in the article. The maximum allowable index of Candida in the beach water recommended at level of 50 cells/l.

[The use of stains for the detection of the pathogenetic factors of Escherichia and Salmonella]. / Ispol'zovanie krasok dlia vyiavleniia faktorov patogennosti ésherikhii i sal'monell.

The authors have modified the technique for using three stains to detect enterobacterial pathogenicity factors. The methods have been tried with 306 Escherichia and Salmonella strains. The most accurate results were obtained when azure eosin was layered onto culture growth surface and when Congo red was added into solid medium. Crystal violet layering yielded less specific results. The techniques listed above helped detect pathogenicity factors of up to 25-30 percent of Escherichia and up to 17 percent of Salmonella strains. The methods are recommended to be used in complex with other tests in practical studies.

[Interrelation of morbidity with acute intestinal infections and the biological pollution of water reservoirs]. / Vzaimosviaz' zabolevaemosti ostrymi kishechnymi infektsiiami i biologicheskogo zagriazneniia vodoemov.

The simultaneous study of fecal samples from persons bathing and not bathing in the sea, as well as samples of sea water, was carried out in recreational zones. The presence of enterobacterial contamination was more frequently detected in persons who bathed in the sea than in those who did not bath (13.5% and 0.9% respectively).