ABSTRACT
The 49-item MMPI PTSD Subscale, developed and validated with Vietnam combat veterans, was administered to validation and cross-validation samples of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients who had experienced non-military traumatic events and to psychiatric controls (total N = 69). Using a cutting score of 19, derived from the validation sample only, the PTSD subscale correctly classified 87% of all validation subjects and 88% of all cross-validation subjects. Results strongly support the utility of MMPI assessment of PTSD with civilian trauma victims as one component of a broad assessment strategy.
Subject(s)
Life Change Events , MMPI , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Accidents/psychology , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Psychometrics , Psychophysiologic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychologySubject(s)
Alcoholism/psychology , Combat Disorders/psychology , MMPI , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Veterans/psychology , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , VietnamABSTRACT
A study was conducted to test the usefulness of the two-factor model in assessing social environments. Subjects were residents and staff at a residential treatment center for emotionally disturbed and/or delinquent boys and girls. Rating instruments consisted of (a) two parallel versions of Moos' Community-Oriented Programs Enivronment Scale (COPES), each worded so as to be appropriate to the setting being measured, and (b) global ratings of satisfaction with the environment. Principal component factor analyses, carried out separately on the youths' COPES-School and the youths' COPES-Cottage, yielded two orthogonal but similar factors in each environment. In a comparison with Moos' three-dimensional formulation of the social milieu, the two factors strongly resembled two of Moos' dimensions but were more independent, had greater validity, and discriminated between the two environments at a higher level of significance. The instruments derived from the factor analyses provide a simple procedure for assessing a variety of treatment programs and populations.
Subject(s)
Residential Treatment , Social Environment , Adolescent , Affective Symptoms/rehabilitation , Child , Consumer Behavior , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Juvenile Delinquency/rehabilitation , Male , Models, Psychological , Professional-Patient Relations , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
A rating instrument was developed to assess the personality functioning of problem adolescents who have a brief history of official delinquency. Subjects were 186 residents at a short-term diagnostic detention facility. The instrument that emerged from a factor analysis was tested for reliability, validity, and cross-situational generality. Two major orthogonal factors emerged, Apathy-Withdrawal (I) and Anger-Defiance (II). Each factor was found to be congruent with the corresponding dimension on behavior rating instruments that had previously yielded two orthogonal factors and that had been shown to be relevant to a large number of psychological and educational issues. Significant correlations between the factors and a series of global ratings measuring behavior and measures indicative of the frequency and seriousness of official delinquency provided further evidence of construct and discriminant validity as well as evidence of cross-setting consistency of personality functioning.
Subject(s)
Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Psychological Tests , Residential TreatmentABSTRACT
A study was conducted to measure cross-situational consistency of the orthogonal dimensions of the two-factor model of social-emotional functioning. According to this model, large proportions of variance in social-emotional functioning can be accounted for by two orthogonal, highly replicable dimensions. The setting was Hawthorne-Cedar Knolls, a long-term institution for emotionally disturbed and delinquent youths; the subjects were 206 residents of varied ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Cross-situational correlations between school and cottage settings were found to be .52 for Factor II (Cooperation-Compliance versus Anger-Defiance) and .42 for Factor I (Interest-Participation versus Apathy-Withdrawal). The results confirm the consistency and discriminant validity hypotheses--specifically, correlations between the corresponding factors of different instruments measuring behavior in different settings were large, whereas correlations between noncorresponding factors were very low. The value of using broad, higher order factors in personality research on the trait versus situation issue is discussed.
