[Computed tomography for the diagnosis of the brain damage in infants]. / Diagnostika porazhenii golovnogo mozga u detei rannego vozrasta s pomoshch'iu komp'iuternoi tomografii.

To optimize the diagnosis, a retrospective analysis of cerebral structural changes in newborns and infants with neurological symptoms has been carried out. X-ray computed tomography has been used in 132 newborns and 494 infants, aged from 1 month to 1 year. The study enabled objective diagnosis for conducting an adequate therapy or correcting a treatment. The reasons for computed tomography using in infants have been updated in the study.

[The structure and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of community-acquired infectious diseases of bacterial origin in children]. / Struktura i chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam vozbuditelei vnebol'nichnykh infektsionnykh zabolevanii bakterial'noi prirody u detei.

Four hundred and forty pediatric patients at the age of 7 days to 15 years with various infections admitted to the Hospital within a month were examined. The biological material was inoculated to blood agar on the first days of the patient admittance to the Hospital and after the growth the organisms were isolated and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assayed with the disk diffusion method. 479 strains in all were tested. The most frequent cases requiring hospitalization and antibiotic therapy were those of respiratory tract infections (54.09 per cent), urinary tract infections (26.36 per cent), cutaneous and subcutaneous fat diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and others (about 25 per cent of the cases in all). The main pathogens were Streptococcus viridans, S.aureus and S.epidermidis, as well as Enterobacteriaceae (chiefly E.coli) whose frequencies were practically equal (in 25-35 per cent of the cases). The Pneumococcus isolates amounted to 6.3 per cent. Nonfermenting bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter) and some representatives of Enterobacteriaceae (Citrobacter, Serratia, Morganella) were isolated from 7 per cent of the patients. The frequency of Klebsiella and Enterobacter was about 11 per cent. The main pathogens were tested for their susceptibility to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, oxacillin and gentamicin. The least active antibiotic was ampicillin. 88.8 per cent of the E.coli isolates and 100 per cent of the Klebsiella, P.mirabilis, Morganella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia isolates were resistant to it. 53.2 per cent of the Streptococcus isolates including 64.5 per cent of the Pneumococcus isolates were as well resistant to ampicillin. 59.5 per cent of the Streptococcus isolates (mainly S.viridans and Enterococcus) was susceptible to oxacillin, 22.2 per cent of them being moderately susceptible. 62.5 per cent of the Pneumococcus isolates and 78.1 per cent of the Staphylococcus isolates were also susceptible to oxacillin. The highest susceptibility of the isolates was that to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, i.e. 90.1 per cent of the strains, 79.9 per cent of them being highly susceptible. All the isolates of Citrobacter, Serratia and Morganella and some isolates of P.aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and E.coli were resistant to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. As for the latter 5 organisms their susceptibility to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid was comparable with that to gentamicin. The susceptibility of the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus isolates to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid was significantly much higher than that to oxacillin, gentamicin and ampicillin: 93 per cent of the Streptococcus isolates (62.7 per cent of the Pneumococcus isolates) and 90.7 per cent of the Staphylococcus isolates.

[Computer treatment of strabismus and amblyopia using random-dot stereograms]. / Komp'iuternoe lechenie kosoglaziia i ambliopii s primeneniem sluchaino-tochechnykh stereogramm.

Application interactive CLASS software for stimulating productive binocular cooperation based on random-dot patterns and stereograms was used for treating strabismus and amblyopia in 105 children during a standard course of treatment. The children were divided into 3 groups treated by the CLASS alone (1), Class + two other application programs (2), and CLASS + traditional methods. General positive changes (improvement of visual acuity, decrease of eye deviation, etc.) were similar in these 3 groups. Positive effect of CLASS exercises on binocular visual mechanisms was significant. Due to precise evaluation of binocular interaction provided by CLASS, positive changes in binocular cooperation and stereovision were attained in 93% of children.

[The Outpatient Pediatric Neurology Service of Moscow today]. / Ambulatornaia detskaia nevrologicheskaia sluzhba Moskvy na sovremennom étape.

The organisation of children's neurological service was considered in terms of 25 years of medical-diagnostic work of children's consultative neurological out-patient clinic (CCNC) attached to one of Moscow children's clinical hospital (Morozov hospital). The work of appropriate departments of CCNC was presented together with the consideration of the main problems of child's neurology as well as of the peculiarities of nervous system's pathology in terms of age. The close connection was emphasized between CCNC and child's neurologists of general out-patient clinics as well as the role of CCNC both in coordination of their work and in the rise of their qualification.