[Surgical treatment of bronchopleural complications after lung resection and pleurectomy in patients with tuberculosis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie bronkhoplevral'nykh oslozhnenii posle rezektsii legkogo i plevrektomii u bol'nykh tuberkulezom.

OBJECTIVE: To increase an efficiency of surgical treatment of bronchopleural complications after lung resections and pleurectomies through the development of modern indications, treatment strategies, techniques and postoperative management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed data in 252 patients with bronchopleural complications after lung resections and pleurectomies. The study included patients who underwent treatment at the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis for the period 2004-2010, Clinical Hospital of Phthisiopulmonology of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University for the period 2011-2017 and Thoracic Center of the Republic of Ingushetia for the period 2015-2019. The study included patients with postoperative pleural empyema divided into two groups: group I - 138 patients with empyema and bronchial fistula; group II - 114 patients with empyema and no bronchial fistula. In the 1st group, 1 patient had bronchial and esophageal fistulas. RESULTS: At discharge, empyema and bronchial fistula were eliminated in 245 (97.2%) patients of both groups. Overall in-hospital mortality was 1.6% (4 cases). Two (1.4%) patients died within 30 days in group I and 1 (0.9%) patient died in group II. Within 90 days after surgery, another patient died from acute cerebrovascular accident in group I. In long-term period, overall effectiveness of treatment of bronchopleural complications was 97.2% (208 out of 214 cases). CONCLUSION: The original surgical approach for bronchopleural complications considers timing of postoperative empyema, its spread and duration. This method together with minimally invasive interventions reduces mortality and ensures stable recovery after bronchopleural complications in 97.2% of patients.

[Surgical collapse in the treatment of single lung tuberculosis]. / Kollapsokhirurgicheskie operatsii v lechenii destruktivnogo tuberkuleza edinstvennogo legkogo.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the treatment of destructive tuberculosis of a single lung by using of collapse surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors analyzed an experience of collapse surgery for destructive tuberculosis of a single lung. RESULTS: Collapse surgery was effective in 77.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgical collapse improves the outcomes in patients with destructive tuberculosis of a single lung and expands the possibilities for surgery in these patients when resection is not applicable.

[Surgical treatment of tuberculous empyema in children]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie tuberkuleznoi émpiemy plevry u detei.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze surgical treatment of tuberculous pleural empyema in children depending on the stage of the process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 82 patients aged 4-17 years with tuberculous pleural empyema. Clinical and X-ray features of different stages of disease are described. Certain types of surgical interventions at each stage of the process are analyzed. RESULTS: In 72 children with empyema stage III 76 surgeries were performed. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 (2.6%) cases (delayed lung inflation) that required thoracocentesis with pleural drainage. There was no postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: Complex treatment of tuberculous pleural empyema in children and adolescents with the use of modern surgical methods is followed by satisfactory outcomes in all patients. However, surgical technique, postoperative morbidity and hospital-stay depend on the stage of the process. Unfortunately, almost 90% of patients had empyema stage III. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery was not advisable and extensive, traumatic surgeries were required.