[Problems associated with effective pharmacotherapy of the elderly patients (geriatrics): A review].

The worlds older population is growing dramatically. At the same time, ensuring an appropriate high standard of living for the elderly by reducing of morbidity and disability of geriatric patients is one of the main objectives of the modern healthcare system. However, changes associated with body aging necessitate application of novel approaches to the correction of pharmacotherapy and usage of specialized dosage forms. Such medicinal products provide both an appropriate therapeutic effect and facilitate their use. Presented review considers several features of pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients.

[Modern extemporaneous formulations in the geriatric care management: current opportunities and future challenges. A review].

Age-associated disorders, including cognitive functions, that often occur in geriatric patients, necessitate the use of novel approaches to provide appropriate medical care, pharmacoprophylaxis and pharmacotherapy among them. At the same time, an important objective of the national healthcare system is not only stimulating of pharmaceutical companies and pharmacies to expand the range of medicines intended for elderly patients, but also increasing availability of medicinal products, including the integration of extemporaneous formulations into clinical practice. Presented review considers several features of the regulation of the use of extemporaneous formulations in the treatment of geriatric patients. Examples of prescriptions that are used in Russian medical practice and are of the greatest interest in the treatment of elderly patients are also presented.

[Home treatment of dental hyperesthesia symptoms]. / Simptomaticheskoe lechenie giperestezii zubov v domashnikh usloviyakh.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the efficacy of Sensodyne toothpast for the improvement of dental hypersensitivity of various origin and the duration of the achieved effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 142 patients of which 95 people had tooth sensitivity. Of these, 4 groups were formed homogeneous by age and sex. Group 1 comprised 27 people (average age 34±3 years) with I grade dental abrasion. Group 2 comprised 23 people (average age 33±5 years) with II grade dental abrasion. Group 3 consisted of 23 people (average age 37±4 years) with grade 3 abrasion with gingival recession of varying severity. Group 4 (comparison) comprised 22 people (mean age 36±4 years) with tooth hypersensitivity who were offered a different toothpaste. The severity of hyperesthesia was assessed using the Schiff method. RESULTS: The study revealed statistically significant decrease in dental sensitivity in all studied groups. The first positive results were noted by day 3. The maximum effect was achieved by day 30 regardless of the etiology of the primary pathology. The hypersensitivity decreased in group 1 from 1.69±0.59 to 0.48±0.20 (by 71.5%), in group 2 from 1.78±0.88 to 0.3±0.22 (by 83.1%), in group 3 from 1.94±0.6 to 0.35±0.17 (by 82%). The duration of the effect obtained was 60 days. In the comparison group, the symptom of hyperesthesia decreased by 51% after 30 days with gingival recession and increased abrasion of hard tissues when using another toothpaste. The achieved effect of reducing hyperesthesia was less stable. At day 60 it decreased by 30% from the maximum value. CONCLUSION: The study proved the high efficiency of the Sensodyne toothpaste as a home remedy for symptomatic treatment of hyperesthesia.

MODERN ASPECTS OF SUGAR-REDUCING EFFECT OF THICK BEAN EXTRACT BASED ON A TYPE II DIABETES MODEL ON THE BACKGROUND OF OBESITY.

There have been presented the results of the histomorphological research of the effect of the beans' thick extract (BTE) on the state of the pancreas on the model of diabetes mellitus type 2 on the background of obesity in the rats in our research. The simulation of type 2 diabetes on the background of obesity in the animals has led to the development of signs of insulin's inhibition of insulin producing apparatus - some different expressions of dystrophy and degeneration of the ß-cells. The consequence of the hyperfunction has been exhaustion and even death of ß-cells, the development of the diabetic condition. The redistribution of pancreatic islet ß-content of cells has contributed to the increase of the small islands and had a compensatory nature. The treatment of the animals by the BTE has fully prevented an excessive negative impact on revenues of carbohydrates insulin producing apparatus, because it improves the morphological status of ß-cells, reduces the part of small pancreatic islets, almost restores medium and large islets to the level of the «Intact control¼ group. The comparison drug - metformin - has a positive effect on the morphological status of the pancreatic ß-cells, but this effect is obviously not enough for improving or restoring the normal % of distribution of islets.

[The in vitro examination of the effectiveness of antiseptic substances for a surface disinfection of teeth inoculated with Escherichia coli]. / Issledovanie in vitro éffektivnosti antisepticheskikh veshchestv dlia poverkhnostnoi dezinfektsii zubov, inokulirovannykh Escherichia coli.

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of penetration of Escherichia coli bacteria into the dentinal tubules of the samples and determine the antimicrobial efficacy after 5 and 20 min exposition of 3% H2O2 (groups I and II) and 1 and 5 min exposition of 3% NaOCl (groups III and IV) for surface disinfection of bovine teeth. The samples were subjected to inoculation with E. coli suspension. The quality of disinfection was assessed with the three methods. The surface disinfection of samples proved to be effective only in groups II and IV. In the cultures of all dissolutions of dentinal chips suspensions in groups I, III and V there was a growth of E. coli in the form of a continuous pitch. In the group II a growth of Escherichia coli was revealed only in the initial dissolution in the quantity 1,8x101 CFU/ml, whereas in the group IV the growth was nil. Quantitative estimation of bacterial penetration using the method of maximum dissolutions revealed similar quantity of bacteria as in the group II as well as in the calculation of CFU. The application of 3% solution of H2O2 with the exposition of 20 minutes secures the qualitative surface disinfection of teeth without destruction of bacteria inside dental tubules and that allows to discover viable bacteria inside dentinal tubules.

[Surgical treatment of simple cysts of the kidney in multiphasic hospital].

The presented work is based on an analysis of survey results and surgical treatment of 418 patients with simple renal cysts during the period from 1995 to 2010. The volume of the cysts ranged from one to 2500 ml. The average volume of the operated cysts was 360.2 +/- 306.7 ml. The abilities of the multiphasic hospital, equipping it with the modern diagnostic and medical equipment, the long experience of work enabled the authors to develop the algorithm of inspection and surgical treatment of the patients with simple renal cysts and to develop practical recommendations, presenting them in logical schemes.

Porfiria cutánea tardía: Reporte de 5 casos / Porphyria cutanea tarda: Five cases report

La PCT es la más común de las porfirias. Es una fotodermatosis que resulta de la deficiencia de la UPD, enzima perteneciente a la vía de síntesis del hemo. Presentamos la evolución de cinco casos de PCT; cuatro de PCT familiar y uno de PCT esporádica. En dos de los pacientes pertenecientes al grupo de PCT tipo II, encontramos como factor de riesgo, el consumo de alcohol, y en la paciente con PCT tipo I se detectó serología positiva para VHC. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con cloroquina y flebotomías repetidas. Rápidamente se detectó mejoría clínica y bioquímica. Se observó que la porfirinuria continuó en descenso aún luego de suspendida la terapéutica. Tres de los pacientes con PCT familiar persisten en remisión clínica y con ausenciade recaídas tras más de 10 años de seguimiento. Aconsejamos en pacientes que padecen PCT la búsqueda de factores asociados (VHC, HIV, genes de HH) y desencadenantes exógenos (consumo excesivo de alcohol, hierro en la dieta e ingesta de estrógenos) que de ser controlados o evitados, junto con el tratamiento oportuno, contribuyen a un satisfactorio control de la enfermedad.

The porphyria cutanea tarda is the most frequent porphyria, it is a photodermatosis secondary to uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency; this enzyme belongs to the haem synthesis pathway. We present on this paper the evolution of five cases of PCT, four of them with familiar type and one of them sporadic type. In two patients belonging to PCT type II, we found alcohol addiction as a serious risk, while on the other patients PCT type I we found HCV positive serology. All patients were treated with chloroquine and phlebotomies. We could observe a good response not only clinical but biochemical. We could also see that the porphyrins urinary level continued descending once the drug was withdrew. Three of the patients with familiar PCT remains in clinical remission without any relapses in ten years of control. We advice all the patients that suffer PCT the detection of associated factors such as HCV, HIV, HH genes and the avoidance of the exogenous triggering factors such as excessive intake of alcohol, dietary iron and estrogen intake. Taking these advices into account, together with the correct treatment every patient can control this disease positively or satisfactorily.

[Radical perineal prostatectomy].

The authors have compared results of the first 9 perineal prostatectomies to a similar group of patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. In the group of patients after perineal prostatectomies the time of operation was at the average two hours less and the volume of blood loss was also two times less. Perineal radical prostatectomy is an effective modem method of treatment of localized prostate cancer. For many patients it will be a valuable alternative of the retropubic radical prostatectomy.

[The genetic differentiation of sheep with different types of wool]. / Geneticheskaia differentsiatsiia ovets s razlichnymi tipami sherstnogo pokrova.

The comparative analysis of the genetic structure of fine-wool, semi-fine-wool, and semi-rough-wool sheep breeds for 8 polymorphous genetic-biochemical systems (Hb, LDR, PN, ME, EST, Dp, Tf, LAP) was carried out. The interbreed, breed and intrabreed differentiations by the polymorphism for genetic-biochemical systems were described. The interrelations between the variability of wool characteristics and the genetic structure of ME and Tf loci, repeated in different sheep groups, were revealed. The "linkage disequilibrium" between ME and Tf loci was detected. The possible mechanisms of the involvement of polymorphous genetic-biochemical systems into selection processes based on the complex of important economical traits were discussed.

[The immunological and morphological aspects of hemoperfusion with pig donor spleen in treating psoriasis patients]. / Immunologicheskie i morfologicheskie aspekty gemoperfuzii donorskoi selezenki svin'i pri lechenii bol'nykh psoriazom.

The present paper focuses on the immunological and morphological aspects of extracorporal joining up of donor porcine spleen in the treatment of psoriasis. It has been ascertained that extracorporal joining up of donor porcine in the treatment of psoriasis makes for normalization of bodily immunologic reactivity leading to regression of psoriatic eruptions.

[Thiol group content in blood serum and in tumor tissue of rats with intact and radioresistant variants of Guerin carcinoma]. / Soderzhanie tiolovykh grupp v syvorotke krovi i v tkani opukholi krys s intaktnym i radiorezistentnym variantami kartsinomy gerena.

Interrelation between the formation of the secondary acquired radioresistance of Guerin carcinoma cells and dynamics of content of thiol groups in the tumour tissue and blood serum of rats have been studies. It is established that the tumour tissue and normal tissues (blood serum) of rats with Guerin's carcinoma respond to the fractional radiation action and to repeated courses of radiation therapy by the reactive increase of the number of free non-protein thiol groups and by the decrease of the content of protein thiols. The use of local superhigh-frequency-hypothermia in the pattern of treatment of the Guerin carcinoma strain resistant to irradiation is accompanied by the increase of the reaction capacity of non-protein thiol groups of the tumour tissue. At the same time the level of general thiol groups in the blood serum decreases while their reactivity increases.

[The use of a cholera coagulating diagnostic agent under the cholera epidemic conditions in Dagestan]. / Primenenie kholernogo koagliutiniruiushchego diagnostikuma v usloviiakh épidemii kholery v Dagestane.

Dried cholera diagnosticum for the slide coagglutination test was obtained. The diagnosticum, found to be highly active and specific, permitted the detection of Vibrio cholerae in the analyzed material at a concentration of 10(6)-10(8) microbial cells/ml. The diagnosticum was used during cholera epidemic in Daghestan for the detection and rapid identification of cholera vibrios. In all cases the positive results of the coagglutination test were confirmed by other investigation methods (no cases of hyperdiagnosis was registered). The production of these diagnostica in small batches on the basis of specialized research laboratories was recommended.

DNA-coated carbon adsorbents experimental assessment and results of severe psoriasis treatment.

Newly developed combined adsorbents, containing from 1 to 8 mg of thymic DNA per 1 g of the granulated or the fibrous carbonic matrix, demonstrated good biocompatibility and selectivity for DNA- and DNP-binding substances. In a group of 14 patients with severe psoriasis (uncontrol trial) a single hemoperfusion procedure through DNA-coated granulated synthetic carbons (perfusion volume was 2.5-3.1 L, sorbent quantity was 30 g) resulted in complete remission in 6 patients and in substantial improvement of clinical status in 6 other patients. A positive effect was observed in 4 patients during 7-11 months; in 8 patients it is being observed for more than 29-33 months. The double-blind tests in the group of patients subjected to hemoperfusion through the DNA-coated charcoal (27 people) and uncoated charcoal (9 people) showed the full-scale remission in 55.5% and 11.2% respectively. The authors believe that the DNA-coated activated carbons can be an effective therapeutic procedure for treatment of numerous immuno-dependent diseases and states associated with disorders in the kinetics of cell division.

[Quantitative evaluation of the adhesive activity of Vibrio cholerae with various degrees of virulence]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka adgezivnoi aktivnosti kholernykh vibrionov raznoi stepeni virulentnosti.

In the studies on the evaluation of V. cholerae adhesion on suckling rabbits by our method, the adhesive activity of the vibrios has been found to be directly related to their virulence. This method may be used as an additional test for the differentiation of virulent and avirulent V. cholerae.

[The development of a quantitative method for the in vivo determination of the adhesive activity of Vibrio cholerae]. / Razrabotka kolichestvennogo metoda opredeleniia in vivo adgezivnoi aktivnosti kholernykh vibrionov.

The dynamics of the distribution and adhesion of V. cholerae in the intestine of suckling rabbits has been studied. The quantitative method for the in vivo determination of the adhesive activity of V. cholerae has been developed with the use of suckling rabbits as an experimental model. The method may be used for the determination of V. cholerae virulence and the pathogenesis of cholera.

[Adaptation of the body to alkylating anti-tumor substances]. / Adaptatsiia organizma k alkiliruiushchim protivoopukholevym preparatam.

It is determined that the organism may adapt in principle to alkylating antitumour preparations, to thiophosphamide in particular, being administered for a long time. The development of cell adaptation reactions in the systems of hemopoiesis and microsomal oxidation of hepatocytes is studied. An increase in the activity of enzymes of the microsomal liver oxidation system is found as accompanied by a lower concentration of 35S-thiophosphamide in the studied tissues and blood serum. The reactivity of tissue and serum SH-groups is observed to decrease with the organism adaptation to the preparation.

Sorption therapy in psoriatic patients.

The results of psoriasis sorption therapy (hemosorption (HS), plasmosorption (PS), hemosorption with exchanged plasma transfusion) are presented in this work. Indices of immunity and clinical efficiency of sorption therapy in 89 examined patients are studied. It was determined that sorption therapy possessed therapeutic efficiency with clinical forms of dermatosis, it promotes the normalization of immunological status indices, blood aggregation condition and microcirculation.