Sirtuins as Possible Predictors of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Development: Verification in the Hippocampus and Saliva.

Verification of signaling molecules in the saliva is a non-invasive method of diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness in different pathologies. Sirtuins (SIRT), proteins from NAD-dependent histone deacetylases, are supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimerэs disease. Age-related decrease in sirtuins expression induces many pathophysiological processes that could lead to neurodegeneration. We studied the expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6 in the hippocampus and saliva of humans without neurological pathologies and in patients with Alzheimer's disease of elderly and senile age. In elderly and senile patients, the expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 in the hippocampus and saliva was 1.5-4.9-fold reduced in comparison with healthy individuals of the corresponding age. In healthy senile persons, the expression of SIRT6 in the hippocampus and saliva was 2.5-4.5-fold lower than in healthy elderly individuals. Measurement of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 concentration in the saliva can be used as an additional method for intravital non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in patients of advanced age. SIRT6 concentration in the saliva can be recommended as a marker for assessment of the rate of aging.

[Impact of building and finishing materials and new furniture on the occurrence of respiratory diseases in children]. / Vliianie stroitel'no-otdelochnykh materialov i novoi mebeli na vozniknovenie respiratornykh zabolevanii u detei.

An epidemiological survey was made in 9 cities and towns of Russia to study the influence of emissions from building and finishing materials and new furniture on children's health. About 6,000 questionnaires containing the questions as to their apartment repairs and furniture changes were filled in. The questionnaire pays a particular attention to the types of used building materials, such as synthetic carpet covering, wood-particle boards, linoleum, paints, wall papers, and suspended ceilings. To study the children's health status, a number of questions of the questionnaire were devoted to the presence of some respiratory and allergic diseases (symptoms) reflecting the influence of unfavorable factors within the inhabited place. The logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the types of building materials used for repairs and the respiratory symptoms. There was a significant relationship of the chemical substances emitted from building materials and new furniture to the incidence of respiratory and allergic diseases in young schoolchildren.

[Influence of negative factors of the living environment on respiratory diseases in children]. / Vliianie negativnykh faktorov zhiloi sredy na respiratornye zabolevaniia u detei.

An epidemiological survey was made in 9 cities and towns of Russia to study the influence of negative characteristics of an inhabited place on respiratory diseases in children. About 6,000 questionnaires questioning the living conditions of young children were filled in. The questionnaire pays a particular attention to frequent leakages and mould in the flats. To study the children's health status, a number of questions of the questionnaire were devoted to the present of some respiratory and allergic diseases (symptoms) reflecting the influence of unfavorable factors within the inhabited place. The logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the inhabited place of schoolchildren and the presence of respiratory and allergic diseases. A significant relationship was established between the frequent leakages, the presence of mould in the rooms, and the risk for bronchial asthma, persistent productive cough, persistent stertorous respiration, respiratory infections and any manifestations of allergic reactions in children.

[Multimodal evoked potentials and central mechanisms of afferentation in trigeminal neuralgia]. / Raznomodal'nye vyzvannye potentsialy i tsentral'nye mekhanizmy afferentatsii pri nevralgii troinichnogo nerva.

Multimodal evoked potentials in patients with trigeminal neuralgia are analyzed in the paper. The comprehensive studies of cortical trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials have revealed their changes that are indicative of the impaired central mechanisms of afferentation in patients with trigeminal abnormality. The findings are discussed in the light of the theory of generator mechanisms of neuropathological pain syndromes.

[The dynamic clinico-physiological indices of sexual function during the management of vertebrogenic pain syndromes]. / Dinamika kliniko-fiziologicheskikh pokazatelei sostoianiia polovoi sfery pri kupirovanii vertebrogennykh bolevykh sindromov.

Sexual changes were registered electrophysiologically in 52 patients with low back pain of vertebrogenic origin. M-response of the bulbocavernous muscle emerged at low threshold. There were shifts in the latency and amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain. These confirm participation of disintegrated functioning of the segmentary and central nervous structures in the genesis of sexual diseases. Treatment-induced positive trends in the above parameters may be used prognostically in relation to the patients' sexual activity.

[Neurophysiologic analysis of the effects of the centrally acting analgesics moradol, tramal and nubain]. / Neirofiziologicheskii analiz deistviia tsentral'nykh anal'getikov moradola, tramala i nubaina.

The analysis of measurements of early and late components of somatosensory (SSEP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in healthy examinees was used to compare the central mechanisms responsible for the analgesic action of moradol, tramal, and nubain. As compared to tramal and nubain, moradol was found to cause a more profound increase in the amplitude of early SSEP components. With this, all three agents were equal in suppressing the amplitude of late SSEP and VEP components. The effects of the drugs on SSEP and VEP, as well as on the sensory and psychoemotional components of human pain perception were also evaluated. The potential features of anesthesiological application of the drugs under study were discussed.

[Use of the method of pulsed thermopuncture in the treatment of patients with chronic alcoholism during therapeutic remission]. / Primenenie impul'snoi teplopunktury v lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim alkogolizmom v terapevticheskoi remissii.

The paper is concerned with pulse thermopuncture, a new method of reflexotherapy. Its modes and parameters, indications for clinical use are based. The method is especially indicated in the treatment of patients with vegetovascular and neurotic disorders. It provided a beneficial effect in the treatment of chronic alcoholics in a state of therapeutic remission in order to correct the above-indicated disorders and prevent the disease relapses.

[Possibility of correcting interhemispheric EEG asymmetry in the process of prevention of recurrences of alcoholism by reflexotherapy]. / Vozmozhnosti korrektsii mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii EEG v protsesse refleksoprofilaktiki retsidivov alkogolizma.

Patients suffering from chronic alcoholism were examined for the dynamics of the spectral characteristics of the EEG and the psychoemotional status in order to delineate the sings that may precede ++ the disease relapses or exacerbation of the syndromes related to alcohol addiction. Possibilities of functional correction by reflexotherapy of brain bioelectric activity according to the interhemispheric+ asymmetry of the EEG are reviewed. Methods of preventive treatment and prophylaxis of the development of alcohol addiction are offered.