The Effect of Kerosene Pollution on the Cellulolytic Activity of Albic Retisols and Arenosols (Aridic): A Laboratory Experiment.

The results of a laboratory experiment modeling the effect of kerosene contamination on the cellulolytic activity of microbiocenosis of the Albic Retisol (Kaluga oblast, Russia) and Arenosol (Kyzylorda oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan) humus horizons are described. Cellulolytic activity is assessed according to the rate of weight loss in linen cloth fragments during the incubation for 0-3, 3-7, and 7-13 months. The intensity of cellulolytic activity in the unpolluted Albic Retisol is higher as compared with the Arenosol, which is determined by low acidity and an elevated content of organic matter and nutrients. The soil pollution with kerosene to 10 g/kg causes a reversible change in cellulolytic activity of both Albic Retisol and Arenosol (Aridic). A high load of kerosene (≥25 g/kg) inhibits cellulolytic activity in both soils over 13 months of observation. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1064229322020119.Fig. S1. Cellulolytic activity of soils in a laboratory experiment: (a) initial state of linen tissue (test object) and (b) linen tissue after three months of incubation. Table S1. Properties of soil humus horizons.Table S2. Initial water content in the studied soil samples with due account for the added kerosene.Table S3. Cellulolytic activity in soils grouped according to kerosene load (rate of mass loss, mg/g soil per day.Table S4. Significance of differences between cellulolytic activities of contaminated soil samples relative control samples according to the Mann-Whitney U-test. Table S5. Kerosene content in the studied soil samples at the end of the experiment, % of the initial content.

Ecological consequences of space rocket accidents in Kazakhstan between 1999 and 2018.

In this paper, we briefly described the ecological consequences of six space rocket accidents launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome between 1999 and 2018 and focused on an assessment of efficiency of soil remediation following the accidental crash of launch vehicle Proton-M on July 2, 2013, which resulted in the severest environmental impact in the modern Russian space industry. On the day after the accident, the content of carcinogenic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrosodimethylamine, as well as nitrate in soils of the crash site exceeded their maximal permissible concentrations by 8900, 6100 and 85 times, respectively. Mitigation measures included soil detoxication by a solution of 10% H2O2 and 1% iron complexonate, soil excavation and ploughing. Two years later (in April 2015), both unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrosodimethylamine concentrations were below 0.05 mg/kg and nitrate concentration did not exceed 3.9 g/kg. As compared to background sites, soils of the crash site had significantly (P-value<0.05) lower values of pH and the content of total organic carbon, basicity from soda and carbonates and higher total nitrogen and soluble salt contents. Soil microbial communities were the most vulnerable component of the disturbed arid ecosystems, as their suppressed condition was indicated by a low biochemical oxygen demand and a very low cellulase activity.

Snow pollution by nitrogen-containing substances as a consequence of rocket launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

In this paper, we assessed snow pollution by nitrogen-containing substances including rocket propellants - UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, (СН3)2NNH2) and NT (nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) - and their transformation products (NDMA (nitrosodimethylamine, (CH3)2NNO), NO3-, NO2- and NH4+) within the falling regions (FRs) of the first and second stages of Proton-M rockets launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. At the first stage FR in Central Kazakhstan, snow with a pH range from 1.7 to 9.0 was contaminated by N-containing substances (maximal value in g/L): UDMH - 0.27, NDMA - 0.04, NO3- - 19, NH4+ - 0.04 and NO2- - 0.13. The first stage landing resulted in snow contamination by soil dust particles and N-containing substances at a rate of 13 g/m2 and 82 mg/m2/day, respectively. The maximal permissible addition (MPA) for UDMH, NDMA and NO3- to the 0-5 cm layer of soil was estimated at 0.06, 0.006 and 70.2 mg/m2, respectively. At the second stage FR in the NE Altai, substances released by space transportation were absent and the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ corresponded to the natural background level. The index of contamination (IC) was used for characterizing the degree of snow contamination by N-containing substances. A simulation model was developed for analysing the dependence of snow contamination by rocket propellant components on the weather parameters.

[A rare case of hypoglycemia in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: malignant metastasizing insulinoma].

The incidence of insulinoma, an insulin-producing tumour arising from pancreatic beta-cells and responsible for the development of fasting hypoglycemia, in the general population is 1-4 per 1,000,000 yearly, mostly at the age of 25-55 yr. Malignization of this neoplasm occurs in 10-15% of the cases. One third of the tumours produce metastases. The most characteristic clinical manifestation of insulinoma is the Whipple's triad, with episodes of fasting hypoglycemia (below 2.8 mmol/l) correctable by intravenous glucose injection or intake of sugar. The authors report a case of intravital diagnosis of malignant metastasizing insulinoma in a 82 year old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A review of relevant literature is presented.

[The combined drug ascoril in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease concurrent with coronary heart disease].

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combined drug ascoril (Glenmark, India) in patients with grade I-Ii chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) concurrent with coronary heart disease (CHD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients, including 12 (20%) women and 48 (80%) men, aged 43 to 68 years (mean age 55.1 +9.9 years), with COPD were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 used the combined broncholytic and expectorant drug ascoril and Group 2 took mucolytic agent ambroxol. The follow-up period was 7 days. RESULTS: On day 2 of ascoril treatment, all the patients showed a significant reduction in the intensity of cough that was completely relieved in 26 (87%) patients by treatment day 7. Prior to ascoril treatment, heart rate (HR) was 64.4+/-5.5 beats/min. A significant increase in HR to 72.7+/-10.1 beats/min was observed 20 min after the first drug intake (p < 0.05) and a decrease to 68.6+/-10.5 beats/min was seen after 60 min. On treatment day 7, HR was 63.0+/-6.5 beats/min, which was similar to that before ascoril treatment (p = 0.6). CONCLUSION: In the patients with COPD concurrent with CHD, the combined drug ascoril exerts broncholytic and expectorant effects, with no pronounced negative action on HR.

[Diagnostics of microcirculatory disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and ischemic heart disease]. / Diagnostika mikrotsirkuliatornykh narushenii y bol'hykh sakharnym diabetom tipa 2 i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Skin biopsy is the most significant method for diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders in diabetes mellitus of type 2 (DM2) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). This method provides earlier detection of microcirculatory changes which is essential for prophylaxis of life-threatening vascular complications and early treatment. 29 IHD and DM2 patients were examined. In the period of DM compensation and stable angina these patients underwent incision biopsy. Morphological preparations were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. The data obtained allowed estimation of the mean time of development of diabetic microangiopathy (MAP) in these patients. The results show that in combination of DM2 and IHD microcirculatory disorders in skin biopsies develop later than in DM2 without IHD; MAP progression correlates with DM duration; clinical compensation of patients with IHD and DM2 depresses progression of DMA. A method of choice in diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders in DM patients is skin biopsy.

[Clinical trial of the effects of isodibut on several indicators of microcirculation in combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka vliianiia izodibuta na nekotorye pokazateli mikrotsirkuliatsii v kompleksnom terapii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The authors have tried a new drug isodibut, aldoreductase inhibitor, of Russian produce in 53 patients with diabetes mellitus. A course of isodibut++ has improved blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, microcirculatory blood flow, normalized muscular blood flow as indicated by electrocoagulation, conjunctival biomicroscopy, radionuclide tracing. The drug is recommended for treatment and prevention of diabetic angiopathy.

[A comparative evaluation of the effect of glurenorm and sulfonylurea preparations on the intravascular microcirculatory indices in type-II diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka vliianiia gliurenorma i nekotorykh preparatov sul'fonilmocheviny na pokazateli vnutrisosudistoi mikrotsirkuliatsii pri sakharnom diabete II tipa.

Analysis of the effects of glurenorm and some sulfonylurea drugs, such as maninil, minidiab, chlorpropamide, on some parameters of intravascular microcirculation has demonstrated the specific features of this drug. Though all these hypoglycemic agents favorably influence the microcirculation when carbohydrate metabolism compensation is attained, glurenorm improved the status of formed elements of the blood (red cell and platelet aggregation) more noticeably than the rest drugs, which fact recommends it as a drug of choice for patients with type II medium-severe diabetes with the predominant involvement of the cellular component of the microcirculation.

[The host reaction to the administration of different components of Coxiella burnetii]. / Reaktsiia khoziaina na vvedenie razlichnykh komponentov Coxiella burnetii.

After the intraperitoneal injection of corpuscles of C. burnetii antigen (Ag), phospholipid (PL), and sediment obtained after the extraction of PL from Ag with chloroform-methanol (CM) slight leukocytic reaction developed in the peritoneum on day 1, and on day 2 it could be observed in the liver and in the spleen. Ag induced the most pronounced morphological changes. In the spleen they were manifested by the activation of T- and B-dependent zones of white pulp from day 2 and by the pronounced hyperplasia of reticular cells and macrophages, leading to splenomegaly, by days 7-14. Simultaneously lymphoid-macrophagal granulomas and hepatomegaly developed in the liver. By days 7-14 the foci of necrosis in the liver were caused by the thrombosis of portal veins and were not registered after the injection of PL and CM (and earlier also in experiments with Ag in doses of 0.1-0.3 mg).

[Gas chromatographic study of the composition of the volatile components of the urine in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Gazokhromatograficheskoe izuchenie sostava letuchikh komponentov mochizdorovykh i bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The developed gas-chromatographic vapour-phase analysis of volatile components of biological fluids has been used to study the urine volatile organic compounds (VOC) in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. The results have permitted the detection of a normal urine VOC profile and helped define the range of individual shifts in the levels of some components. The findings evidence an increased excretion of methylketones and of lowest aliphatic alcohols in diabetes mellitus. The results of VOC analysis appear to be useful for the investigation of the nature of biochemical disorders of metabolism, for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus decompensated forms, and for monitoring the efficacy of treatment for diabetes mellitus.

[Diagnostic value of studying the indicators of blood lipid composition and the status of intravascular microcirculation in patients with diabetes mellitus associated with ischemic heart disease]. / Diagnosticheskaia zhachimost' issledovaniia pokazatelei lipidnogo sostava krovi i sostoianiia vnutrisosudistoi mikrotsirkuliastii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom v sochetanii s ischemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

A comprehensive study of blood lipid composition and microcirculatory indices was performed in 88 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with coronary heart disease (CHD). A "syndrome" of mutual aggravation was shown to develop in the combination of DM and CHD. As a result of it the above indices were changed depending on clinical signs of each of the two diseases. Lipid metabolic and microcirculatory derangements depended mostly on a degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. a DM type, the presence of diabetic angiopathies and CHD gravity.

[Use of glipizide and evaluation of its effect on microcirculation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. / Primenenie glipizida i otsenka ego vliianiia na mikrotsirkuliatsiiu u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

The paper is concerned with the assessment of glipizide action in 32 patients aged 34 to 68 suffering from diabetes mellitus with decompensation of metabolic processes. Good tolerance of the drug, its positive hypoglycemic action enhanced by its combined use with acetylsalicylic acid were noted. No convincing proofs of glipizide influence on microcirculatory indices were obtained. In comparing its hemorheological action with other sulfanilurea drugs of the 2nd generation a similar effect of glipizide with manilin as monotherapy was revealed, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, similar action of glipizide with acetylsalicylic acid and diamicron was noted.

[Use of high-purity insulins in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Primenenie vysokoochishchennykh insulinov dlia lecheniia bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

A total of 43 patients aged 16-62 with moderately severe and severe type I diabetes mellitus of 2-27 years duration were observed. The patients were admitted to hospital with decompensation of metabolic processes. In order to achieve compensation monocomponent insulins were administered in an individual dose depending on the levels of glycemia and glucosuria and a scheme of drug administration (2 times continuously, i.v. using the Biostator apparatus). The duration of therapy was 4 months. A hypoglycemic effect in relation to immunological and hemorheological indices was assessed. A hypoglycemic effect was noted in all the patients. A positive effect of high-purity insulins on immunological and hemorheological indices was revealed. These insulins can be used for prevention of diabetic angiopathies.