[THE PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION].

The article considers actual conditions and characteristics of reformation of health care of Russia. The comparison is applied to such sectoral aspects as decentralization, medical care accessibility, public sector of health care, health of healthy population, resources distribution, medical insurance, paid medical services, etc. The comprehensive approach is proposed to resolving problems of national health care and alternatives of main direction of sectoral development.

[The development of dispensarization of population in presents conditions].

The article considers the development of dispensarization of population, including new tasks, possible obstacles in the content of this work and approaches to overcome them.

[The role of prevention activities in population health promotion in Russia].

The article presents the methodology to be applied to any class of disease, the socially dangerous illnesses included. The need in the organization of intersectoral coordination body to manage disease prevention activities and certification of disease prevention technologies is discussed. The necessity to implement the medical science achievements in the common public health practice is emphasized. The possibility to organize the intermediate structures contributing to surmount the gap between theory and practice is discussed. To actualize the principles of prevention and population dispanserization corresponding normative legal base, financing, political support of ruling political parties, sweeping implementation of historical experience and consideration of international experience in the field of prevention practice are needed.

[Prevention in XXI century: analysis of conceptual approaches].

The notion of prevention was theoretically based upon the doctrines of the development of nature and society, the organism and environment relationship and on the biological and social patterns determining the public and individual health. The concept of dispanserization of population proved to be the most fruitful of all ideas of prevention. In the conditions of XXI century, the disease prevention became the reflection of the social essence of medicine. This prevention approach is really effective when its purposes, forms and methods are coordinated with the public health characteristics. The progress of disease prevention is inseparable from public responsibility for protection and promotion of public health and maintenance of healthy environment and conditions of work. In present situation, the dispanserization has to be supported with the new organizational technologies to carry out medical, preventive and periodical check-ups and to arrange the dispanserization quotas according the disease nosologies and to rank them for the subsequent dynamic monitoring of profile specialists. The most effective is the dispanserization related to the diseases which can be subjected to the modern techniques of early diagnostics implementing screening and other high-tech technologies in the framework of evidence-based medicine.

[The actual problems of organization of medical care for rural population].

Population health status and medical care in rural areas is discussed. Trends in dynamics of such health indicators as mortality, morbidity and prevalence of socially perilous diseases are worse among rural population as compared with urban population. Economical, environmental, industrial and other factors impacting on health of rural population are revealed. Sociological research data demonstrating attitude of rural population to health and to medical care are quoted. Problems of financing, manpower strength and material and technical equipping in rural health institutions are discussed. Importance of priority national project "Health" for enhancement of rural medical care is shown including necessary measures for its realization.

[Modeling of normative and legal acts within the health care system]. / K voprosu o model'noi razrabotke normativno-pravovykh aktov v sisteme zdravookhraneniia.

The article deals with the issues of conceptual and methodological motivation of stages related with working out and approving the draft projects of regional healthcare legislation through superpositioning the legislative activity of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the provisions of the basic law "On Healthcare". The common features of the basic law are described; the specificity of the recommended structure and item-by-item sequence of principles and norms of regional laws "On Healthcare" is defined.

[Problem of protection of rights in the area of health and welfare of children and adolescents]. / K probleme zashchity prav v oblasti okhrany zdorov'ia detei i podrostkov.

The purpose, principles, and tasks of state social policy concerning the protection of health and rights of children are discussed with due consideration for the international and Russian legislation. The results of sociological study of heads of pediatric institutions are analyzed within the framework of the draft law "On Patient's Rights". Proposals on the introduction of an intersectoral approach to solution of problems of childhood are validated. The society and population at large should take an active part in this process. Suggestions on improving the social and legal activity of primary health care system are offered.

[The development of primary medical health care in Russia]. / Razvitie pervichnoi mediko-sanitarnoi pomoshchi v Rossii.

The socio-ethical aspect in the development of primary health care in Russia is discussed. The authors analyze the role of this type of care in provision of available and free of charge, which is important in principle, medical care at the level of the primary contact between a patient and medical worker. Primary health care under present-day conditions should occupy one of the principal positions in the public health reforms. The major approaches to priority development of health care are considered, including the renaissance of the progressive traditions of zemstvo medicine, development of new approaches to redistribution of scarce resources of public health on the basis of social justice principle, social control of the distribution of resources, purposeful attention to personnel training, including training of general practitioners (family physicians), solution of a number of organizational, medicosocial, legal, ethical, and other problems, and expansion of contacts with popular medicine.

The social and ethical implications of universal access to health care in Russia.

The availability of free health care to all citizens has been regarded as a great achievement of the Soviet society. In recent decades, however, decreased funding of the state-run health care system has led to a deterioration in the quality and quantity of available medical equipment and services. More than 50 percent of the Russian population is dissatisfied with the health care system and the attitudes and moral standards of their health care providers. This article discusses the degree, nature, and some of the causes of the public's dissatisfaction and concludes with a preliminary look toward the future of the Russian health care system.

Medical ethics: problems of theory and practice.

The paper analyzes the development of medical ethics in the USSR, and its socio-psychological, scientific-technological, and organizational factors. Special attention is given to the interdependence of moral-ethical problems with organizational issues.