[The scientific rationale for the use of electroneurostimulation of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with computer vision syndrome]. / Nauchnoe obosnovanie primeneniya elektroneirostimulyatsii sheinykh simpaticheskikh gangliev u patsientov s komp'yuternym zritel'nym sindromom.

A frequent reason for visiting an ophthalmologist for patients of working age is computer vision syndrome (CVS): statistics show that up to 90% of users of personal electronic computers (PCs) suffer from this disease. Therefore, the actual task of modern rehabilitation medicine and ophthalmology is the search for an effective and safe way to prevent and treat the CVS among employees of enterprises. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY: Was a scientific justification, an assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of electroneurostimulation (ENS) of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with CVS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 patients with the syndrome observed on an outpatient basis were examined. Patients were divided into 3 groups using simple randomization method. The 1st group (the main group - MG) included 39 patients who, against the background of gymnastics of the oculomotor muscles and muscles of the shoulder girdle, used ENS on the area of the sympathetic ganglia; in the 2nd group (group of comparison - GoC) included 41 patients who strictly performed the same muscle gymnastics (after every 2 hours of work with the PC); Group 3 (control group - CG) consisted of 40 patients who took an ENS course of exposure in placebo mode. In the dynamics, the stock of relative accommodation, near heterophory, tear production, threshold electrical sensitivity of the retina, electrolability of the optic nerve, contrast sensitivity, reading speed, print speed and accuracy and the level of subjective asthenopia were evaluated. RESULTS: Initially, groups of patients with CVS did not differ among themselves in any of the investigated parameters. After a course of procedures in the MG, in contrast to the other two (GoC and CG), statistically significant positive shifts were revealed in relation to the selected endpoints, reflecting the severity of asthenopia, sensorineural, accommodative and oculomotor functions of the visual analyzer, as well as ophthalmoergonomics. Of the side effects of the procedures were recorded: moderate drowsiness (in 4 patients), a feeling of heaviness of the head (in 1 patient) and an increase in blood pressure (BP) by more than 15% of the initial (in 1 patient). They disappeared on their own and did not require withdrawal of treatment. A patient who noted a single increase in blood pressure subsequently received therapy every other day. Redness of the skin of the neck in the area of application of the electrodes was found with the same frequency in MG and CG. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of ENS in the rehabilitation treatment of workers professionally using a personal computer significantly increases the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, which proves the appropriateness of applying the proposed technology in CVS. The therapeutic action of complex therapy is realized through the effect of the ENS on an important reflexogenic zone - the cervical sympathetic ganglia, the activation of which ensures the normalization of the central, peripheral and autonomic functioning of the visual analyzer. Analysis of the frequency of registration of side effects in patients of the three groups allows us to conclude that the technique is safe.

[Long-term outcomes of anti-angiogenic therapy for macular neovascular disorders]. / Antiangiogennaya terapiya neovaskulyarnykh zabolevanii makulyarnoi oblasti (otdalennye rezul'taty).

AIM: to study long-term (≥2-year) RESULTS of ranibizumab treatment in patients with macular neovascular disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 27 patients (mean age±SD of 66.7±13.8 years) treated with ranibizumab for approved indications. Follow-up period ranged from 24 to 58 months (34.5±9.1 months on average). RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography showed statistically significant improvements of functional and anatomical parameters, namely, an increase in visual acuity (from 0.34±0.20 to 0.57±0.24, p≤0.01) and a decrease in both central retinal thickness (from 372.26±96.21 µm to 272.48±69.70 µm, p≤0.01) and macular volume (from 8.01±1.46 mm3 to 7.10±1.08 mm3, p≤0.01). There was also a decreasing tendency of the average annual number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections per patient: 4.56 injections were done during the 1st year, 1.93 - during the 2nd year, and only 1.6 - during the 3rd year of follow-up. A total of 29.6% of patients showed no need in resuming the treatment at year 2 and 40.0% - at year 3. Exudation from the neovascular membrane relapsed in 24 patients (88.9%) at some time during the follow-up; at that, in 74.1% of patients the injection-free intervals lasted from 6 to 36 months. None of the 231 injections was associated with any complications concerning ocular functions and morphology and requiring additional treatment. No correlation was found between the anti-angiogenic therapy and the progression of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab has been proved effective and safe for the treatment of neovascular macular disorders. Moreover, flexible dosing schemes for ranibizumab contribute to rapid (during the 1st year already) and stable clinical benefits.

[Complex diagnosis of fragment injuries of the eye and orbit].

The paper presents data on the prevalence and pattern of fragment injuries of the eye and orbit in the Sverdlovsk Region in 2000-2004. It describes the authors' system for complex diagnosis of metallic foreign bodies, which is based on the wide use of electron location in combination with other clinical, instrumental, and special studies. The comparative results of treating patients with the standard and proposed system, which demonstrate the advantages of the latter in small-sized fragments in particular, are given.

[Localizing foreign ferromagnetic bodies by means of the PF-02 ferroprobe polarity detector]. / Lokalizatsiia inorodnykh ferromagnitnykh tel s pomoshch'iu ferrozondovogo poliusoiskatelia PG-02.

The paper analyzes the problems, facilities and techniques for enhancing the accuracy of localization of a foreign ferromagnetic body. To tackle this problem is associated with further improvement of the parameters and characteristics of an electronic polarity detector unit, by using a new element base. In this connection, a PF-02 polarity detector model with its new construction of a ferroprobe transducer is presented. The device defines the inhomogeneity of static magnetic field acting on the ferroprobe transducer at the gradient range of 0.00024 A/cm2 to 1.2 A/cm2. The clinical testing of the device enables polarity detector to be more effectively used in medicine.

[Inductance transducers for borderline localization of metallic foreign bodies]. / Induktsionnye datchiki dlia pogranichnoi lokalizatsii inorodnykh metallicheskikh tel.

The paper outlines the advantages and disadvantages of a ferroprobe inductance transducer used in the borderline localization of a foreign ferromagnetic body. To eliminate the ferroprobe transducer-inherent disadvantages, a whirl-current inductance transducer has been developed. The transducer localizes a foreign nonferromagnetic and ferromagnetic body in its borderline localization in the eye and in the whole body.

[Localization and removal of metallic foreign bodies using LIT-2 foreign body locator]. / Lokalizatsiia i udalenie inorodnykh metallicheskikh tel s pomoshch'iu lokatora inorodnykh tel LIT-2.

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of devices used in medical practice to localize and remove foreign metallic bodies. To enhance the accuracy of detection and localization of foreign bodies and the efficiency of medical application of whirl-current locators, a LIT-2 model foreign body locator is presented. Cases of mutual orientation of the device transducer and foreign metallic bodies, the specific features of whirl-current diagnosis with procedures for preoperative and intraoperative localization.

[Use of a universal ferro-probe pole locator PF-01 in medicine]. / Primenenie universal'nogo ferrozondovogo poliusoiskatelia PF-01 v meditsine.

The versatile II phi-01 flux-gate magnetic pole locator is intended for detecting and locating ferromagnetic foreign bodies in human tissue. The sensitivity of the device to magnetic field gradient is 4 mOe/cm on a large scale. The device can be used to locate a hypodermic needle at a distance of 50-90 mm, a sewing needle at 60-122 mm, a routine 7.62-mm bullet at 90 mm and a 5.6-mm bullet at 105 mm.

[Ophthalmologic care of patients injured in accidents]. / Oftal'mologicheskaia pomoshch' postradavshim pri katastrofakh.

The authors analyze the results of treatment of patients whose organ of vision was injured in accident. They point out a complex of measures promoting a relatively favorable optic and cosmetic outcome of injuries and discuss the shortcomings of ophthalmologic service. Various aspects of the problem are considered to develop practical recommendations on effective care of the injured patients.