[On mechanisms underlying bronchial obstruction in chronic dust bronchitis in workers of deep coal mines]. / K mekhanizmu bronkhoobstruktsii pri khronicheskom pylevom bronkhite u gornorabochikh glubokikh ugol'nykh shakht.

Healthy miners demonstrated increased relative levels of lysophosphatidyl choline and especially phosphatidyl inositol subunits. Metabolism of the latter could result in membrane accumulation of inositol triphosphate leading to cytoplasmic calcium increase and to bronchial smooth muscles contraction. Oral 20% choline chloride solution lowers bronchospasm in dust bronchitis patients with decreased serum subunits of phosphatidyl inositol and increased serum levels of phosphatidyl choline.

[The diagnostic value of the extreme inhibition of the processes of blood lipid peroxidation]. / O diagnosticheskoi tsennosti chrezmernogo ugneteniia protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov krovi.

The measuring of the blood serum content of lipid peroxidation LPO products permits giving a possible prognosis of the illness. A striking decline in LPO activity is indicative of an apparent inhibition of processes of vital activity and suggests to us a possibility of a fatal outcome.

[Dynamic surface tension of blood in chronic dust bronchitis in coal mines workers]. / Dinamicheskoe poverkhnostnoe natiazhenie krovi pri khronicheskom pylevom bronkhite u gornorabochikh ugol'nykh shakht.

Chronic dust bronchitis in miners is associated with increase in dynamic surface tension of blood at short (t = 0.01 s) and medium (t = 1 s) surface lifetimes with lower declination angle of interphase tensiograms curve. Surface tension disorders were similar to those in experimental dust bronchitis. There are correlations between surface tension parameters and the workers' underground length of service, some mining geologic conditions and serum level of proteous and lipid surfactants.

[Some aspects of damage to the heart in intercurrent exposure to dust and high air temperature]. / Osobennosti porazheniia serdtsa pri vozdeistvii pyli v sochetanii s vysokoi temperaturoi vosdukha.

Albino male rats were exposed to inhalation dusting with rock dust containing 29% free silicon dioxide over eight months at air temperature 37-38 degrees C. It has been ascertained that combined bodily exposure to dust and high ambient temperature promotes the development of prominent hypertrophy and hypoxia of the myocardium, activation of the lipid peroxidation processes, resulting in an appreciable degree of morphological changes in the cardiac tissue. It is suggested that the above changes might be a reflection of development of myocardial dystrophy originating in insufficiency of energy supply to the cardiomyocytes, that can lead to the development of cardiosclerosis of dystrophic genesis. Major disturbances in the myocardial microcirculation, increase in the functional load on the heart were found to be those factors favouring the development of myocardial dystrophy under the conditions described.

[Pulmonary surfactant status in experimental dust-induced bronchitis based on the data from dynamic interphase tensiometry]. / Sostoianie legochnogo surfaktanta pri éksperimental'nom pylevom bronkhite po dannym dinamicheskoi mezhfaznoi tenziometrii.

The disease was simulated by inhalation of dust containing 29% of free silica in Wistar male rats during 8 months. One group of the subjects was kept under 26-28 degrees C and other one--under 38-40 degrees C. Dynamic surface tension of lung tissue homogenate was studied by means of computer tensiometer MRT (Lauda, Germany). Interphase tensiometry precisely characterizes state of lung surfactant in experimental chronic dust bronchitis. Equilibrium surface tension and surface tension for 0.01 and 1 sec deteriorate during combined exposure to silica dust and heating microclimate. The studies demonstrated strong correlation between interphase tensiogram parameters and individual lipids content of lung surfactant. Surface tension is related to the state of lipids peroxidation in lungs and antioxidant systems.

[The efficacy of inhalations of choline chloride in the treatment of patients with chronic dust-induced bronchitis]. / Effektivnost' ingaliatsii kholina khlorida v lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim pylevym bronkhitom.

To correct the state of the lung surfactant system there has been employed an inhalation administration of choline chloride, 3 to 5 ml 20% solution once daily for 7 to 10 days. Those dust bronchitis patients who received conventional treatment served as control. The obstructive syndrome has been shown to be alleviated by the above-named drug. There was also an improvement in general well-being and in blood filling of lung tissue, which facts suggest our approach toward treating of patients with dust diseases of the respiratory organs by correction of disorders in pulmonary surfactant to be of promise.

[The influence of dust and heating microclimate on lipid peroxidation]. / Vliianie pyli i nagrevaiushchego mikroklimata na sostoianie protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

In experimental pneumoconiosis both under normal and heating ambient temperature lipid peroxidation is not activated, although heating microclimate increases alteration of lung tissue and induces rapid and intensive pulmonary fibrosis. Association of dust and heating microclimate prolongs a period of "stress" myocardial affliction due to intensified lipid peroxidation and exhausted endogenous glutathione peroxidase, afterwards lipid peroxidation decreases with progressing sclerosis and fat degeneration in heart.

[Relationship between values of antioxidant enzyme system activity in various tissues of intact rats]. / Sootnoshenie mezhdu velichinami aktivnosti fermentov antioksidantnoi sistemy v razlichnykh tkaniakh intaktnykh krys.

It was studied the relation between activities of ferments an antioxidant system: of superoxide dismutase, catalase and GSH-peroxidase in the homogenates of livers, lungs and cerebrum of intact rats. When activities were brought to identical units of measurement, it was determined that relation of activities can see with a point to view of chemical kinetics laws for consecutively-parallel reactions. It is followed from the result that the activity of catalase livers can be explained by the participation of catalases in other reactions, which were connected with forming a hydrogen peroxide. From the relations between ferments of antioxidant system it was discovered that GSH-peroxidase is the most important antioxidant enzyme for the cerebrum. Data of the relation of activities ferments of antioxidant system are stipulated by the tissues particularities and they are reflected a contribution of every biocatalyst in that system.

[The correction of the status of the pulmonary surfactant system as a method for preventing experimental pneumoconiosis]. / Korrektsiia sostoianiia surfaktantnoi sistemy legkikh kak metod profilaktiki éksperimental'nogo pnevmokonioza.

Using a model of experimental pneumoconiosis in albino rats, induced by breathing in a rock dust, we attempted correction of the pulmonary surfactant system, for which purpose we tried choline chloride as a drug preparation. The action of the above drug was found out to be depended upon the moment of its administration and time during which it is being administered, and is that of influence on both the concentration and mechanism of absorbtion of surface-active fractions of the surfactant in the liquid-gas interface. Early administration of choline chloride (during the dust factor exposure) increases concentration of those surfactants notable for their surface-active properties being maintained, and improves the processes of diffusion of surface-active substances, which observation is accompanied by decrease in intensity of the processes of fibroformation in the lung tissue. Choline chlorid employed on the discontinuation of the dust exposure has adverse effects leading to changes in the lipid composition, impairing the surface-active properties and processes of diffusion of the pulmonary surfactant, which fact may contribute to aggravation of fibrosis in the lungs.

[Pulmonary surfactant and dust-induced diseases of the respiratory organs in coal miners]. / Surfaktant legkikh i pylevye zabolevaniia organov dykhaniia u shakterov-ugol'shchikov.

Surface activity and biochemical composition of pulmonary surfactant was studied in patients with anthracosilicosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis. Significant impairment was found of surface-active properties of the surfactant during the course of development of the above conditions but different functional state of the pulmonary surfactant system determines dissimilarity in the natural course of the conditions in question. Suppression of the phospholipids synthesis in patients with anthracosilicosis contributes to the predominance of the processes of damaging the alveolar epithelium as well as pneumofibrosis and fatty infiltration of the pulmonary tissue while increase in the amount of pulmonary surfactant in patients with dust-induced bronchitis brings about predominant development of obstructive, bronchospastic and inflammatory changes. Study of the state of pulmonary surfactant in patients with dust-induced diseases of the respiratory organs suggest it is not useful to classify anthracosilicosis and dust-induced bronchitis under the same term "dust-induced disease of the lungs".

[The role of pulmonary surfactant in the atherogenesis process in patients with dust-induced respiratory organ diseases]. / Rol' surfaktanta legkikh v protsesse aterogeneza u bol'nykh pylevymi zabolevaniiami organov dykhaniia.

There have been established opposite reactions in the cardiovascular system during formation of dust-induced pathology of lungs: a common finding in patients with pneumoconiosis is alterations in the left heart, while in chronic dust bronchitis the same is true of the right heart. In the authors' opinion, different states of pulmonary surfactant in the above conditions account for this observation. Inhibition of synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant associated with the development of the blood and tissue phospholipid deficiency makes for the evolution of atherosclerosis in patients with pneumoconiosis while enhancement of the phospholipid production by the lungs accompanied by elevation of their blood content is an important factor inhibiting the processes of atherogenesis in patients with dust bronchitis.

[Pulmonary surfactant in coal miners]. / Sostoianie surfaktanta legkikh u gornorabochikh ugol'nykh shakht.

Healthy coal miners exposed to dust demonstrate the activated synthesis and secretion of surfactant on the alveolar surface, which is and act of defence and is aimed at prevention of the harmful effect of dust on the lung tissue. This idea is proved by the changes in biochemical parameters, such as increase of phospholipids in alveolar lavage and decrease of free fatty acids due to their use in alveolar surfactant synthesis. The stated changes are easily seen in the medium and lower parts of lungs, where the dust is most likely to enter. Surface activity of the lung surfactant is depressed, which is proved by the changed physical parameters of the alveolar lavage. Biochemical and physical parameters of the alveolar lavage could be used to reveal the dust influence on the respiratory system of miners during their work.

[State of pulmonary surfactant and hemodynamics of lesser blood circulation in Donets Basin coal miners during development of dust-induced respiratory tract diseases]. / Sostoianie surfaktanta legkikh i gemodinamiki malogo kruga krovoobrashcheniia u gornorabochikh ugol'nykh shakht Donbassa pri razvitii pylevoi patologii organov dykhaniia.

Respiratory diseases caused by dust in coal miners and high-risk group are manifested by accumulation of low surface-active surfactant masses, which thicken alveolar-capillary membrane, thus the smallest bronchi and alveoli collapse and diffusion of oxygen across blood-gas barrier becomes inadequate. Respiratory hypoxemia leads to reflectory construction of pulmonary arterioles, hence pulmonary hypertension occurs and cuts down blood supply to middle and lower portions of lungs, where dust is the most likely to invade. The blood supply is therefore shunted to the upper portions of lungs, which is compensatory. The stated changes appear at early stages of occupational respiratory diseases in miners.

[Pulmonary surfactant and its role in the pathogenesis of dust-induced diseases of the respiratory organs in the miners of coal mines]. / Surfaktant legkikh i ego rol' v patogeneze pylevykh zabolevanii organov dykhaniia u gornorabochikh ugol'nykh shakht.

AIM OF THE STUDY: establishing a relationship between the condition of the pulmonary surfactant and external respiration function in Donbass coal miners with initial and advanced forms of dust-induced lung pathology. One of the early manifestations of lung pathology in miners is increased synthesis and secretion of the surfactant on the alveolar surface with disorders of its functional activity evidencing disorders of lipid excretion from the pulmonary tissue. The presence of albumin in the expired air indicates the presence of alternative processes in the bronchopulmonary apparatus, and highest albumin content in patients with pneumoconiosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis may be an index of activity of the inflammatory process.