[A comparative study of the effects of vegetable oils and cholesterol on enzymes of the mouth and jejunal mucosae]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie vliianiia rastitel'nykh masel i kholesterina na fermenty slizistykh obolochek polosti rta i toshchei kishki.

The influence of sunflower and olive oils and their combination with cholesterol on the activity of lysosomal hydrolases and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the mucosa of the mouth and jejunum was studied. It was shown that in the presence of cholesterol in the oral mucosa the activity of N-acetylhexosaminidase increased and there was a tendency to decreasing cathepsin D and acetyl esterase activity, and LPO processes were found to be suppressed. Cathepsin D and B activities in the jejunum mucosa increased in response to cholesterol administration. The changes revealed in the activities of N-acetylhexosaminidase, proteinase, acetyl esterase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the oral mucosa, as well as cathepsins in the jejunum depend on the character of lipid additives.

[Cathepsin B and D activity in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of rats on a high-saccharose diet and added selenium]. / Aktivnost' katepsinov B i D v slizistoi obolochke tonkoi kishki u krys na fone vysokosakharoznogo ratsiona i dobavki selena.

Selenium added to diets (700-750 micrograms per kg bw) enhanced the activity of cathepsins B and D; in this case, the protein content in the rat small intestine mucosa was found to be considerably reduced. High-sucrose diet did not directly influence the lysosomal proteinase activity, but enhanced selenium action on the proteolysis.

[Choice of mouse lines for the testing of chemical mutagens]. / Vybor linii myshnei dlia testirovaniia khimicheskikh mutagenov.

The effect of five chemical mutagens--cyclophosphamide, ethyleneimine, ethylmetanesulfonate, cytozar and captan in bone marrow cells of mouse strains TPS, WR, 101/HY, C57BL/6JY, CBA/LacY was studied. The effect was estimated by a frequency of cells with chromosome damages on preparations made 24 hours after the treatment of mice. The strains differentiate by sensitivity to mutagens and reveal specificity which can not be predicted before the experiment. The data obtained demonstrate that testing mutagenicity of chemical compounds gives more reliable results when using a set of mouse strains.

[Effect of a high-saccharose diet and a selenium supplement on proteinase activity in the mucosa of the rat small intestine]. / Vliianie vysokosakharoznoi diety i dobavok selena na aktivnost' nekotorykh proteinaz v slizistoi obolochke tonkoi kishki u krys.

Influence of high-sucrose diet and high-sucrose diet supplemented with selenium on proteinase activity in rat small intestinal mucosa and on rats' growth has been examined. Being added to the diet, selenium raised cathepsin D activity and did not change the activity of alkaline proteinase. High-sucrose diet supplemented with selenium led to a two-fold increase in alkaline proteinase activity. The sucrose diet did not change the activity of the enzymes under consideration. The body growth of the animals fed selenium was significantly retarded.

[Quantitative analysis of the heterogeneity of rat brain mitochondria in isolated fractions and in situ]. / Kolichestvennyi analiz geterogennosti mitokhondrii mozga krys v izolirovannoi fraktsii i in situ.

Heterogeneity of mitochondrial fractions in solutions of sucrose, sucrose and EDTA, mannitol and EDTA, and in Krebs-Ringer solutions with and without glucose was assayed by morphometry. Heterogeneity of mitochondria in varied solutions significantly differed from that in situ. Statistical analysis of mitochondria in isolated fractions and in situ as well as an analysis of the literary data allowed a conclusion that the mitochondrial system in the nerve cell is threadlike rather than discrete in shape. It has been established that heterogeneity of mitochondria in vitro depends on the conditions of tissue homogenization and isolation of the mitochondrial fraction.

[Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. IV. Role of the closed state of mitochondrial membranes]. / O mekhanizme okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia. IV. Rol' zamknutosti membran mitokhondrii.

The clousness of membrane of rat brain mitochondria isolated in Krebs-Ringer's solution was broken by suspending the mitochondria in distilled water. Function characteristics of lyzed organells did not decrease but were somewhat higher than those of the organells suspended in Krebs-Ringer's solution. The results were discussed in relation to the question of the role of clousness of the mitochondrial membrane in the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

[Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. III. Relationship between the composition of the mitochondrial incubation medium and functional parameters]. / O mekhanizme okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia. III. Zavisimost' funktsional'nykh pokazatelei ot sostava sredy inkubatsii mitokhondi.

Functional properties of rat brain mitochondria were different in Krebs-Ringer solution as compared to these in the media with mannit. Mitochondria in the presence of cytochrme c increased endogenous respiration essentially after the introduction of mannit into the polarographic cell. It is concluded that mannit metabolised by mitochondria as other non-cell compounds, must not be in the media of incubation of mitochondria, while studying the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism.

[Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. I. Role of the respiratory chain]. / O mekhanizme okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia. I. Rol'dykhatelnoi tsepi

Mitochondria of white rat brain increased the respiration on succinate in response to ADP addition; in the presence of after NADH the respiration remained unchanged or decreased ofter addition ADP. When organelles were suspended in water distilled in the concentration of 3 mg of protein/ml and kept at melting ice temperature for 24 hours the response of mitochondria to ADP was not changed. Stechiometric relation between the number of electron of the oxidized substrate and absorbed by oxygen depended on ADP during succinate oxidation and did not change on NADH. ADP phosphorylation is suggested to proceed on the stage of the substrate dehydrogenation, rather than on the cytochrome part of the respiratory chain.

[Glucose transport across the mucosa of the small intestine]. / O transporte gliukozy cherez slizistuiu obolochku tonkogo kishechnika

The rate of glucose absorption in an isolated loop of the small intestine in rats was measured. The maximum rate of absorption was registered with 3 and 5 per cent concentrations, while 1 and 10 per cent solutions are absorbed at a slower rate. The absorption rate of 5 per cent glucose solution did not materially change for one hour after a sugar load. The small intestine mucosa transports glucose from a 5 per cent solution at an equal rate in rats and rabbits, i. e. 139+/-4 and 143+/-6 gamma/cm2/min. Maximum absorption takes place with pH of 6-8. Deviation of the pH value to acidity and alkalinity is attended by steep fall in the absorption rate. At pH of 3.0 and 11.5 the absorption virtually ceases altogether. Hexobarbital anesthesia depresses absorption of glucose in the intestine by a factor of 2-3.5.