[The processes of lipoperoxidation and endogenous intoxication in saliva in central and peripheral lung cancer.]

The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of changes in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipoperoxidation processes in the saliva of patients with lung cancer, depending on the form of tumor growth (central, peripheral or mediastinal cancer). Materials and methods: in the case - control study was attended by 562 volunteers, who were divided into 2 groups: main (lung cancer, n = 347) and control group (relatively healthy, n = 2015). Questioning, biochemical saliva study and histological verification of the diagnosis carried out to all participants. In peripheral lung cancer, there is a statistically significant increase in the albumin concentration (p<0.0001), with a central MDA (p=0.0330). The content of secondary lipoperoxidation products compared with the control is increased for all groups (p<0.0001), however, the differences are most pronounced for the mediastinal growth form. The level of medium molecular toxins is the same for both central and peripheral lung cancer, and the distribution coefficient has a stable value exceeding the corresponding value for the control group (p=0.0002). Thus, in the peripheral form of lung cancer growth under hypoxic conditions lipoperoxidation processes are less pronounced, while endotoxicosis processes are the same in both central and peripheral cancer. For the mediastinal growth, the process of lipoperoxidation is directed towards the formation of toxic Schiff bases, and the low level of medium-molecular toxins indicates a greater resistance of proteins to oxidative stress.

[Correlation interrelations between the composition of saliva and blood plasmain norm.]

Recently, the attention of researchers to the study of the properties of human saliva as a material with unique properties and diagnostic capabilities has increased. The purpose of the study: the study of the relationship between the biochemical composition of saliva and blood plasma is normal. 107 volunteers participated in the study, including 46 women (age 37.2 ± 3.9 years) and 61 men (age 36.1 ± 2.8 years). In all samples of saliva and blood plasma, 23 biochemical parameters were determined, including mineral and protein composition, enzyme activity, as well as indices of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation. Nonparametric statistical methods are used to process the data obtained. It is shown that it is difficult to establish a unique relationship between the biochemical parameters of saliva and blood plasma. The calculation of the Spearman correlation coefficients has shown that only 7 of the 23 parameters demonstrate a weak correlation between the content in saliva and plasma. In general, the definition of saliva can have an independent diagnostic value, in this case, the parallel with the composition of serum and plasma is not appropriate. Nevertheless, the use of saliva in clinical laboratory diagnostics is associated with the need to establish criteria for the norm and pathology for each biochemical parameter.

[The system of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection of saliva in lung cancer.]

The aim of the study was to study the parameters of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant protection in saliva in lung cancer of various histological types. In the case-control study, 740 volunteers participated in the study, which were divided into 3 groups: primary (lung cancer, n = 347), comparison group (non-malignant pulmonary pathologies, n = 178) and control (conditionally healthy, n = 215). Questioning, biochemical examination of saliva, histological verification of the diagnosis were conducted to all participants. The parameters of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant protection are determined spectrophotometrically. Intergroup differences are estimated by a nonparametric criterion. Against the background of lung cancer, the development of oxidative stress is observed, which is manifested in the increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products, as well as in the reduction of antioxidant protection in saliva. It is shown that the activity of the enzymes of the first link of antioxidant protection is significantly reduced (p<0.0001), whereas the activity of salivary peroxidases increases (p = 0.0037). The parameters of non-enzymatic protection vary in different directions: the level of uric acid in lung pathologies decreases (p = 0.0399), whereas albumin concentration increases, under these conditions, it begins to exhibit pro-oxidant properties. Differences between non-small cell and neuroendocrine lung cancer have been revealed by the nature of the dynamics of antioxidant protection indices. In general, the disturbance of the balance of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant protection is the result of a disruption in the coordination of immunometabolic processes and indicates a decrease in adaptive reactions of the organism.

[Activity of metabolic enzymes of saliva with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung of various degrees of malignancy.]

Up to the present time, problems of optimizing the methods of diagnosis and predicting the course of lung cancer, which occupies the leading positions in the structure of oncological diseases, remain topical. The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of the activity of metabolic salivary enzymes in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, depending on the degree of malignancy. In the casecontrol study, 156 people took part, divided into 2 groups: primary (neuroendocrine lung tumors, n=56) and control (conventionally healthy, n=100). All the participants went through a questionnaire survey, saliva biochemical counts, and a histological verification of their diagnosis. Between-group differences were measured with the nonparametric test. It is shown that against the background of neuroendocrine lung tumors, metabolic changes are observed characterized by a decrease in the de Ritis coefficient (p=0.0350) and lactate dehydrogenase activity (p=0.0492), as well as an increase in activity of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.0114), alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0150) and α-amylase (p=0.0328). Statistically significant differences between neuroendocrine tumors of different degrees of malignancy (G1+G2 and G3) were detected for aminotransferases (ALT - p=0.0421; AST - p=0.0472); alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0454) and α-amylase (p=0.0263). A decrease in the activity of the enzymes studied against the background of the progression of the disease, including the presence of distant and regional metastasis is shown. The most promising is the study of the activity of salivary α-amylase for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine lung tumors of high degree of malignancy.

STATISTICAL FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN THE OMSK REGION.

Statistical patterns of breast cancer were studied in the Omsk Region in order to optimize early diagnosis and improve the effectiveness of treatment. It was found that the proportion of breast cancer patients in stage I in all age groups was 22. 9%, which was identical with that in the majority of regions of Russia (15 26%) and was close to the average population indices (18. 3%). For patients with disease of stage IV it should be marked the most significant differences in the smaller side compared with average indices for Russia for patients of older age group (17. 4% vs. 40. 6%). It was noted that in the age group up to 40 years there were revealed later stages of breast cancer, so necessary adjustments to screening program based on young patients were required. Due to limitations of mammographic examination of young patients the developments of alternative screening programs for this age group are actual.

[Status Indicators of Lipid Peroxidation and Endogenous Intoxication in Lung Cancer Patients].

Background: Problems of optimization diagnosis methods and prognosis for lung cancer remain unsolved. Lung cancer occupied the leading positions among cancer diseases. Aims: Establishing change patterns in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation in the saliva of patients with lung cancer depending on the histologic type of tumor. Materials and Methods: The case-control study enrolled 516 men, who were divided into 3 groups: main (lung cancer, n=256), comparison group (non-malignant lung diseases, n=60), and control group (relatively healthy, n=200). Questioning and biochemical saliva study were carried out to all participants. Patients of the main group and the comparison group were hospitalized for surgical treatment, after which underwent the histological verification of the diagnosis. We used the spectrophotometric methods of investigation of parameters of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication. Between-group differences were evaluated by nonparametric tests. Results: Malondialdehyde as a product of lipid peroxidation is a little informative result. For more information it is necessary to determine the individual fractions of middle toxins count distribution ratio 280/254 nm, as well as to take into account the level of conjugated diene, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases. The following changes are observed at the transition from the control group to the comparison group, and then to the main: increased levels of triene conjugates and Schiff bases, as well as malondialdehyde. At the same time we detected the reduction in the level of diene conjugates, which confirms the fact of the increase in the oxidative stress process associated with benign diseases and lung cancer. In addition, there is a decrease in the content of individual fractions of middle toxins, but 280/254 nm partition coefficient growth is observed. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis of the association processes of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication with the development of lung cancer. It confirmed the dependence of these parameters on the histological type of tumor, the presence / absence and the degree of prevalence of remote and regional metastasis.

[Study of arginase activity of mixed saliva in cancer].

The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of arginase of mixed saliva with the subsequent application of the results obtained in clinical laboratory diagnostics. Arginine metabolic parameters were studied in particular arginase activ- ity, concentration of nitric oxide, urea and uric acid. There was found a three-fold increase of arginase activity and a four- fold reduction of nitric oxide in mixed saliva of patients on the background of cancer. There was established inverse rela- tionship between arginase activity and nitric oxide as well as between the concentration of urea and nitrogen oxides. Basic possibility of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplastic disease was showed .using chemometric methods. Imbalance of arginase activity and nitric oxide in the saliva of cancer patients could be an important diagnostic and prog- nostic criterion.

[Cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer chemotherapy and their possible correction].

Clinical data are reported upon the examination of a group of 160 women aged 18-55, suffering of a breast cancer and subjected to polychemotherapy using various cytostatic schemes: (I) standard CAF scheme, course repetition each 4 weeks; (II) alternating CAF and AVCFM schemes (intermittent introductions), a total of 4 courses. For the reduction of the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, one part of patients was given an antioxidant preparation of amber acid--Reamberin--whose administration substantially decreased both the frequency of cardial complaints and the expression of clinical manifestations of the astheno-neurotic syndrome and prevented the occurrence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction of myocardium and the heart rhythm and conductivity disturbances.

[On the use of photoplasmodynamic method in treatment of suppurative wounds].

A new photoplasmodynamic method and Elektroton-Pulsar hardware system for its implementation are described. The method provides treatment of suppurative wounds by exposure of the infection focus to a gas mixture containing highly active components: O*, O2*, 1O2, O(, O3 traces + UV, etc. The exposure is performed using high-voltage electric discharges interacting with the initial ozone-containing gas mixture. The photoplasmodynamic method and the Elektroton-Pulsar hardware system are used in clinical practice for treatment of suppurative wounds and cavities of various etiology.

[Combined thoracoscopy in thoracoabdominal wounds using ultrasound, the CO2 laser and the plasma jet]. / Kombinirovannaia torakoskopiia pri torakoabdominal'nykh raneniiakh s ispol'zovaniem ul'trazvuka, CO2 lazers i strui plazmy.

Under analysis is an experience with treatment of 178 patients with thoracoabdominal wounds. The authors have developed a rational curative methods and original thoracoscopic techniques, which allowed to considerably reduce the amount of thoracotomies. Thoracoscopy was performed in 157 (88%) of 178 patients. Indications for thoracotomy were established in 7 patients, in 19 patients only drainage of the pleural cavity was made. Curative thoracoscopy was used in 131 patients, in 60 of them ultrasonic glue hermetization of the lung wound was made, 36 patients had laser photocoagulation of the lung wound, 21 patients had plasma coagulation of pleuro-pulmonary defects, in 14 patients--coagulated hemothorax was removed. Clinical effectiveness of thoracoscopic techniques was more than 90%. Thoracotomy was performed in 28 (15%) patients, in 11 patients it was supplemented with diaphragmotomy. Laparotomy was performed in 167 patients. Lethality was 6.8%.