[The cholesterol level in the peripheral blood lymphocytes: the interrelationship with ischemic heart disease in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia]. / Uroven' kholesterina v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi: vzaimosviaz' s ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa u patsientov s razlichnymi tipami giperlipidemii.

Variability of cholesterol levels inside lymphocytes (CLL) have been compared with the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL of blood plasma among normal donors and hyperlipidemic patients. Persons with elevated CLL was found among normal donors and hyperlipidemic patients, each group comprising 4-5%. No significant correlation was followed between CLL & the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride & HDL blood plasma level among total observed population. However a consistent correlation was found between CLL & blood plasma cholesterol/triglyceride ratio among patient with elevated plasma triglyceride.

[A genetic-epidemiological model of predisposition to ischemic heart disease (1)]. / Genetiko-épidemiologicheskaia model' predraspolozhennosti k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa (soobshchenie 1).

A genetic and epidemiological sample of 20-59-year-old males, Moscow residents (n = 3141), was surveyed. The authors obtained data on the prevalence of coronary heart disease from epidemiological criteria and genealogical data on cardiovascular diseases by the "Familial History" questionnaire in the first-degree relatives who were interviewed by using a genetic and mathematical monolocus diallelic model. It was found that out of the 10 possible variants under study a genetic and environmental variant with independent penetrance of 3 genotypes adequately describes the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the families and in the population. This suggest that both genetic and environmental factors have an influence on the prevalence of coronary heart disease and that there is a possible genetic polymorphism of the disease.

[Familial and nonfamilial forms of arterial hypertension]. / Semeinye i nesemeinye formy arterial'noi gipertonii.

Family and nonfamily hypertension (FH, NFH) forms were studied among patients with essential hypertension and symptomatic hypertension. Na-Li countertransport in FH patients against NFH ones proved significantly increased. However, CA2+ velocity mediated by Ca ATPase in them was less than in NFH subjects. Plasma filtration and hemosorption reduced arterial pressure more effectively in NFH patients. Surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic arterial hypertension is more successful in reducing arterial pressure in NFH subjects.

[Regulation of intracellular cholesterol synthesis in hypercholesterolemia by glucocorticoids]. / Reguliatsiia gliukokortikoidami sinteza vnutrikletochnogo kholesterina pri giperkholesterinemia.

The rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia was found to be increased in comparison with healthy donors. The cells of hyperlipidemic patients had lowered levels of glucocorticoid receptors concomitantly with a partial loss of their sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In fibroblasts from patients with hereditary hypercholesteremia of homozygous type the number of glucocorticoid receptors did not exceed 10% of their content in normal cells. The decrease of the number of glucocorticoid receptors in patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia seems to be a compensatory response of cells culminating in activation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis.

[Blood coagulation system as a component of hereditary predisposition to ischemic heart disease]. / Svertyvaiushchaia sistema krovi kak komponent realizatsii nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennosti k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

The paper gives the results of survey of 99 families of patients with prior myocardial infarction. There was a high coronary heart disease (CHD) affliction among the blood relatives of probands and its clear-cut relationship to the specific features of their family history. The patients with prior myocardial infarction and their blood relatives showed profound changes in coagulative and anticoagulative factors, which indicate their tendency to hypercoagulation. The specific features of family history, the pattern of changes in hemostatic parameters in blood and non-blood relatives, and evidence for the genetic determination of the hemostatic parameter activity suggest that the blood coagulative system is an important component for hereditary predisposition to CHD. An association of some hemostatic parameters was examined with CHD. The paper provides strong evidence for the fact that it is expedient to measure antithrombin III activity as a marker of genetic predisposition to CHD while surveying a group of individuals who have a family history of CHD.

[Phenotypic variability and correlation between skinfold thickness and arterial pressure level]. / Fenotipicheskaia izmenhivost' i vzaimosviaz' tolshchiny kozhnoi skladki i urovnia arterial'nogo davleniia.

Contribution of genetic and environmental factors in phenotypic variability of blood pressure level and skinfold thickness, and phenotypic correlation between these characters was calculated on the basis of familial correlations. It was shown that genetic determinant explains considerable portion of blood pressure level and skinfold thickness variability. Among common environmental effects, the factors affecting one generation are important with regard to variability of these characters. Maternal effect is expressed in the variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Correlation between blood pressure level and triceps skinfold thickness is determined by genetic factors, whereas that between blood pressure level and subscapular skinfold thickness is mediated by environmental factors. The results obtained may be applied in populational prevention of cardiovascular disease.

[Effect of bezamidine on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Vliianie bezamidina na kontsentratsii kholesterina i triglitseridov plazmy krovi u bol'nykh s semeinymi giperlipoproteidemiiami.

The hypolipidemic agent bezamidine, a fibroic acid derivative (KPKA, Yugoslavia), was applied to treat Types 2a, 2b, 4 and 5 familial hyperlipoproteinemias. The highest reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations was found in patients with Types 2b, 4 and 5 familial hyperlipoproteinemias. No clear-cut adverse effects of the drug were found during 3 months.

[The role of genetic and environmental factors in phenotypic variability of arterial pressure and body weight and their interconnection (a family study)]. / Rol' geneticheskikh i sredovykh faktorov i fenotipicheskoi izmenchivosti arterial'nogo davleniia i massy tela i v ikh vzaimosviazi.

Contribution of genetic and environmental factors into phenotypic variability of blood pressure and body mass as well as into phenotypic correlation between these traits was defined. It was shown that additive genetic determinant is responsible for considerable level of blood pressure and body mass variability. Those common environmental factors are of importance which operate within the limits of one generation. Maternal effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability is negligible. The correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is determined both by environmental and genetic factors, whereas that between blood pressure and body mass is mediated by only environmental factors. The contribution of environmental factors into correlation between blood pressure and body mass lessens with age. The results obtained may be applied in development of population and individual programmes for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

[Restriction polymorphism in patients with lipid metabolism disorders and ischemic heart disease]. / Issledovanie restriktsionnogo polimorfizma genov apoB u bol'nykh s narusheniiami lipidnogo obmena i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Using the RELP analysis we studied the frequency of X2 allele of apoB gene in three groups of patients: 1) men at the age of 20-59 with lipid metabolism disorders revealed in population inspection of Oktyabrsky district in Moscow; 2) men with ischaemic heart disease and 3) healthy men. It was established that in individuals suffering from type IIa hyperlipidemia the frequency of X2 allele was significantly higher than in healthy donors from Moscow population. Homozygotes for X2 allele of XbaI RELP had 7-9% higher serum cholesterol levels, than homozygotes for X1 allele. The study suggests the X2 allele of the apoB gene to be associated with the development of high plasma cholesterol level. No significant difference in X2 allele frequencies was found between patients with ischaemic heart disease and healthy donors. There was also no association found between cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the presence of X2 allele in this group of patients.

[Role of genetic and environmental factors in the determination of body weight and skinfold thickness in children having different blood pressure (a familial study)]. / Rol' geneticheskikh i sredovykh faktorov v determinatsii massy tela i tolshchiny kozhnykh skladok u detei s raznym urovnem arterial'nogo davleniia (semeinoe issledovanie).

Based on intrafamilial correlations, a component genetic analysis was used to evaluate the contribution made by genetic and environmental factors to variance in body weight and skin fold thickness in children who had various blood pressure. In children with initially elevated and normal blood pressures, the phenotypic variation in the body weight and adipopexia is largely determined by genetic factors, whereas in those with initially lower blood pressure, the phenotypic variation in the above parameters is greatly affected by environmental factors, mainly by those of occasional nature. The findings provide evidence for a differential approach to the primary prevention of hyper- and hypotension in children and adolescents.

[The role of genetic and environmental factors in serum lipid changes in children with various levels of arterial blood pressure (a family study)]. / Rol' geneticheskikh i sredovykh faktorov v izmenchivosti soderzhaniia lipidov syvorotki krovi u detei s raznymi urovniami arterial'nogo davleniia (semeinoe issledovanie).

Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in proband children with different levels of arterial pressure and in their relatives in the populational familial study. Based on intrafamilial correlations the component analysis of the phenotypic dispersion of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations was performed. Qualitative and quantitative differences were shown to exist in genetic and environmental determinants of lipids and lipoproteins in the families of probands with low, high and normal levels of arterial pressure.

[Blood lipids as a factor of hereditary susceptibility to ischemic heart disease]. / Lipidy krovi kak faktor realizatsii nasledstvennoi predraspo- lozhennosti k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Examination of 166 families of the patients who had sustained myocardial infarction revealed aggregation of coronary heart disease in the families and the atherogenic shifts in the parameters of lipid turnover, which were caused by significant influences of genetic factors. The close relatives of the postinfarction patients were shown to display a large proportion of monogenic forms of hyperlipoproteinemias.

[Population genealogy research on ischemic heart disease among the population of Alma-Ata]. / Populiatsionno-genealogicheskoe issledovanie ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa sredi naseleniia Alma-Aty.

Analysis of the results of a populational genealogical and epidemiological study into coronary heart diseases (CHD) carried out among the nonorganized male population aged 20-54 years living in Alma-Ata supports the importance of hereditary predisposition to the development of CHD as one of the leading risk factors for the illness. The rate of heart attacks (HA) in the diseases histories of the fathers and mothers of CHD persons was higher than among the parents of healthy persons. The mean values of cholesterol and triglyceride levels appeared much more significant in persons having both parents with a history of HA.

[Genetic markers and susceptibility to hypertension]. / Geneticheskie markery i predraspolozhennost' h gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Genetic markers Hp, Gc, EstD and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were studied in patients with essential hypertension (EH). The authors proved relationship between GcI-I-genotype and predisposition to EH. Heterozygote type 1-2 of the Gc-system was more resistant to the disease. The authors conclude that genetics markers may make the basis for studying the EH etiology and determining its more etiologically similar forms.

[Genetic research in hypertension]. / Geneticheskie issledovaniia pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Results are reviewed of the studies concerning genetics of hypertension. Evidence is provided for its genetic determination of the disease and biochemical control of blood pressure by the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system. Approaches to the therapy and prevention of hypertension are proposed on the basis of own clinical and population studies. The methods are discussed to study genetics of hypertension using genetic markers.