[Hematopoietic cells of fetal liver. 1. Effect of growth factors of varying origin and activity of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells]. / Gemopoéticheskie kletki fetal'noi pecheni. 1. Vliianie faktorov rosta razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia na aktivnost' granulotsitarno-makrofagal'nykh kletok-predshestvennikov.

The liver is the leading hemopoietic organ of 5-22-week embryo and fetus. Hepatic hemopoiesis activity is assessed by concentration, total count and proliferative capacity of granulomonocytic cell precursors (GMCP). Cloning efficacy (GMCP CE) in the liver of 7 fetuses of 16-22 weeks of gestation was evaluated in vitro. Growth factor sources were: healthy subjects (fider), medium conditioned by the umbilical cord, granulocytic-macrophagal colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) (Shering Plough), GM CSF+IL-3, serum from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Morphological and cytochemical examination of the colonies was performed. There appeared different sensitivity of GMCP of the liver to growth factors. The highest CE (40.8 +/- 5.4 per 2.5 x 10(5) cells) was found in the usage of GM CSF and GM CSF+IL-3. The colonies reached 200-500 cells. Low CE occurred after addition to the culture of IL-3 evidencing for minor sensitivity of liver GMCP to this growth factor. Total count of GMCP in the liver was 43.8-146 x 10(4). Numerous GMCP and predominance of large granulomonocytic colonies in the cultures indicate enhanced activity of GMCP in the livers of 16,822 week fetuses. However, GMCP concentration in the above fetuses was 2 times lower than in the marrow of a child with normal hemopoiesis. The discussion covers the adequacy of transplantation to one child with body weight 20-50 kg of the cells obtained from the liver of one fetus 15-20 weeks old.

[State of lipid peroxidation processes and cyclase system components in lymphocytes and blood plasma of children with aplastic anemia]. / Sostoianie protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i komponentov tsiklaznoi sistemy v limfotsitakh i plazme krovi detei, bol'nykh aplasticheskoi anemiei.

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence enzymes in lymphocytes and the content of cyclonucleotides in blood plasma were examined in children (3 groups) with aplastic anemia. The groups were formed depending on the disease stages in the examined. Disorders in the distribution of the activity of antioxidant defence enzymes, in the content of hydroperoxides and malonic aldehyde were discovered, with these disorders being diverse and dependent on the disease stage. The cAMP/cGMP in blood plasma was changed towards considerable rise of the cAMP level. During a remission, a majority of the characteristics did not return to normal.

[Expression of glucocorticoid receptors and blast cell clearance in children with different variants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. / Ekspressia retseptorov gliukokortikodov i klirens blastnykh kletok u detei s raznymi podvariantami ostrogo limfoblastnogo leikoza.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were estimated in blast cells of 24 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in different immunocytologic subvariants of the disease. No relationship was revealed between immunophenotype and GR number in blasts. It was found that the response to prednisolone therapy did not depend on the number of sites specifically bound to glucocorticoids. The response character is determined not by immunophenotype but by the initial number of blast cells in the peripheral blood (the higher blastosis, the worse response). High blastosis is probably dependent on the tumor growth rate.

[Health status of children exposed to low doses of radiation 1 year after the Chernobyl AES accident]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia detei, podvergshikhsia vozdeistviiu malykh doz radiatsii cherez 1 god posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The authors provide data on the health status of children living in radiation polluted regions, obtained 9-11 months after the Chernobyl accident. Study of the demographic characteristics, distribution into health groups and of the hematological parameters did not reveal any significant differences with the exception of a higher anemia incidence (in children under 1 year).

[Stromal fibroblasts of normal bone marrow in children]. / Stromal'nye fibroblasty normal'nogo kostnogo mozga u detei.

Reference values of the number and proliferation index (PI) of stromal fibroblasts in children have been presented: CFUf per 10(5) = 57.0 +/- 4.1; CFUf in 1 microliters = 85.4 +/- 8.1; PI = 1.7 +/- 0.05. It has been shown that the number of stromal fibroblasts increases in the prepubertal period, especially in girls. No relationship has been observed between CFUf and the number of platelets and megakaryocytes in the children investigated. Correlation has been established between the number of bone marrow clonogenic fibroblasts and the amount of myelokaryocytes and the number of granulocytic-macrophagal precursors in the bone marrow.

[Circulating granulomonocytic precursor cells and phenotype of peripheral blood monocytes in premature infants]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie granulomonotsitarnye kletki-predshestvenniki i fenotip monotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u nedonoshennykh detei.

The functional state of granulomonocytic hemopoietic stem cells was investigated in 72 premature infants in the neonatal period. New data were obtained on the concentration of committed granulomonocytic precursors, and on the characteristics of the phenotype of monocytes--the final differentiation component of this series. These data have verified the present notions on the features of nonspecific adaptation reactions in premature newborns.

[Late (after 5-year remission) recurrences of acute leukemia in children (a cooperative study)]. / Pozdnie (posle 5 let remissii) retsidivy ostrogo leikoza u detei (kooperirovannoe issledovanie).

Cooperative investigations were conducted in seven Pediatric Hematologic Clinics (in Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk and Tbilisi) to study the nature of late (after five years of remission) relapses of acute leukemia that were diagnosed in 21.6% of cases (in 80 out of 371 children) with long-term remissions. Late relapses in most patients occurred on the 6-7th year of remission. In cases when the treatment was abolished, relapses took place 1-2 years after the abolition. Extramedullary foci of leukemic lesions (CNS, sexual glands, etc.) were detected more frequently (41 children). Bone marrow lesions were recorded in 21 combined relapses were observed in 8 patients. It has been stressed that initial risk factors should be taken into consideration, and current diagnostic tests should be applied to individualize therapy at all the stages of the treatment.

[Regulation of the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in human bone marrow]. / Reguliatsiia proliferatsii granulotsitarno-makrofagal'nykh predshestvennikov v kostnom mozge cheloveka.

The colony stimulating activity (CSA) of bone marrow cells in 50 children with normal bone marrow was studied. A method for quantitative estimation of CSA of bone marrow cells has been suggested. Essential distinctions between CSA of bone marrow cells and that of peripheral blood leukocytes were established considerable decrease mainly at the expense of reduction of the proliferation of colony-forming progenitors was found. CSA of bone marrow cells appears to be a result of complicated interaction between bone marrow adherent and non-adherent fractions. Each of these two fractions produces approximately the similar level of CSA which is lower than that of unfractionated bone marrow. It is supposed that there are two types of granulocyte macrophage progenitors in the human bone marrow which are specifically-sensitive to CSA of leukocytes and bone marrow cells and possess different proliferative potential.

Clinical effect and some pathogenic mechanisms of high dose monomeric IgG therapy in childhood chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

8 children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura received a high dose therapy with monomeric IgG. Before and after the treatment immunological investigations were carried out. All the children showed a positive clinical response, in 5 children there was an increase of thrombocytes to 111-340 X 10(9)/l. A clinico-haematological effect could be shown in those children with an increased percentage of marrow megakaryocytes with IgG fixed on the membrane before treatment. There was no haematological effect neither in cases with fixed IgG and IgA nor IgM and IgA combined, as well as in the case when there was no fixed IgG on the membrane. A steady clinical effect was provided if the number of bone marrow megakaryocytes with fixed IgG reached the norm. The suppression of the synthesis of antithrombocytic antibodies of the same immunoglobulin class can be regarded as a specific mechanism of high IgG doses.