ABSTRACT
In this study the safety and protective immunity of an oral rabies vaccine, based on the live, modified rabies virus strain VRC-RZ2, was examined in stray dogs (Canis Sp.), corsacs (Vulpes corsac) and steppe wolves (Canis lupus campestris). In the safety group (dogs, n=6; corsacs, n=3; wolves, n=3) which was vaccinated with a 10-times field dose/animal, no animals showed any signs of disease or changes in behavior or appetite during the period of clinical observation, similar to the animals in the negative control group. Saliva samples taken from animals prior and post (5th and 10th days) vaccination failed to demonstrate rabies virus antigen. Observations of immunogenicity in vaccinated carnivores (dogs, corsacs and wolves) during a 180 day period showed the titers of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in the blood sera of vaccinated dogs to be within 0.59-1.37 IU/mL. On 14 days post vaccination (dpv), all the wild carnivores had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies, with mean titers ranging from 0.50 ± 0.07 IU/mL (for wolves) to 0.59 ± 0.10 IU/mL (for corsacs). Weeks after vaccination, all the vaccinated wolves and corsacs had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies: 0.70 ± 0.10 - 0.71 ± 0.08 IU/mL at 30 dpv, 1.06 ± 0.08 - 1.28 ± 0.21 IU/mL at 60 dpv and 0.41 ± 0.09 - 047 ± 0.06 at 180 dpv. The highest level of VNA (Ë1.0 IU/ml) was detected at 60 dpv, in all vaccinated animals. After challenge all vaccinated dogs remained healthy for 180 days. Control animals (unvaccinated dogs) developed symptoms of rabies on day 6 post administration of a virulent virus and died of rabies on days 11-13. Of note, the VNA titers in all the wild carnivores (corsacs and wolves) immunized with VRC-RZ2 were higher than 0.5 IU/ml (0.59 ± 0.11 IU/ml), even as early as 14 days post vaccination. These, presumably protective, titers of antibodies to rabies virus were present in the dogs and wild carnivores examined in this study for at least 180 days.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Foxes/immunology , Rabies Vaccines/immunology , Rabies/veterinary , Wolves/immunology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Animals, Zoo , Dog Diseases/virology , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Rabies/prevention & control , Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage , Rabies Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The diagnostic oligonucleotide microarray for subtyping of human and animal influenza A viruses (IAVs) was developed. We proposed a simple method of the fluorescent labeling of genomic segments of all known IAVs subtypes, the composition of the hybridization buffer, as well as the software of the data processing. 48 IAVs strains of different subtypes were analyzed using our microarray. All of them were identified, while 45 of 48 strains were unambiguously subtyped.
Subject(s)
Genome, Viral , Influenza A virus/classification , Molecular Typing/methods , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/instrumentation , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , RNA, Viral/classification , Software , Animals , Humans , Influenza A virus/genetics , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/virology , Lab-On-A-Chip Devices , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , RNA, Viral/geneticsABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of research on the development of effective solid-phase ELISA methods for the identification of avian influenza virus (AIV) and typing its H5 and N3 subtypes in different biological samples. Optimized schemes for the production of goat antisera to matrix protein, hemagglutinin H5 and neuraminidase N3 of AIV were proposed. They were used to produce active and specific immunoglobulins and conjugates. Conditions of performing solid-phase ELISA with use of these preparations were optimized.
