ABSTRACT
A model of insulin resistance (IR), induced by prolonged high fat diet with high content of saturated fats was used to investigate the effect of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the composition of free fatty acids (FFA), plasma lipoprotein spectrum and content of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in rats. The results of this work showed a rise in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1 n-9) and a reduction in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4 n-6) in plasma of rats with experimental IR. These findings are accompanied by the increased TNFα production and significant changes in plasma lipoprotein profile of rats with the fat overload. Particularly, a decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and increased low-density (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol level were detected. The NSE administration to obese rats with IR restored the content of mono- and polyunsaturated FFA, increased HDL cholesterol content and reduced LDL cholesterol level. In addition, the IR rats treated with NSE showed normalization in the serum TNFα level. Our results showed the restoration of plasma lipid profile under NSE administration in rats with obesity-induced IR. Considering the fact that plasma lipid composition displays the lipid metabolism in general, the NSE actions may play a significant role in the prevention of IR-associated complications.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Ethanolamines/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Obesity/blood , Obesity/drug therapy , Stearic Acids/pharmacology , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Diet, High-Fat , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/pathology , Rats , Triglycerides/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
The effect of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on liver free fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and carbonylated protein level in rats with obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) was studied in the work. The experimental insulin resistance was induced by prolonged high fat diet (58% of energy derived from fat) for 6 months combined with one injection of low-dose (15 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. The lipid assay showed a rise in liver free cholesterol content anda significant reduction in cholesterol esters level. Analyzing liver fatty acid composition, a decrease in polyunsaturated of fatty acid (PUFA) level and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was found. Fatty acid imbalance with high content of MUFA was associated with elevated level ofprotein carbonylation. The NSE administration (50 mg/kg of body weight) for 2 weeks decreased free cholesterol content, increased cholesterol esters level and reduced free oleic fatty acid content in the liver of rats with IR. The effect of NSE on lipid imbalance led to a decrease in protein carbonylation level that may result in improvement of transmembrane protein function under obesity-induced insulin resistance state.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol/metabolism , Ethanolamines/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Obesity/drug therapy , Stearic Acids/pharmacology , Animals , Diet, High-Fat , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Insulin Resistance , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/metabolism , Protein Carbonylation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Streptozocin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The contents of NO stable metabolites in tears, and blood serum of the patients with different stages of open-angle glaucoma have been studied. The increasing of NO stable metabolite contents was found in tears, aqueous humor and blood serum during glaucoma progression. The depletion of glaucoma pathogenesis oxidative link was found at the terminal stage of the disease. The results of our investigation are proposed to be used for glaucoma diagnostic.
