ABSTRACT
The influence of hypoxia on nitric oxide formation in the blood of Krushinskii-Molodkina rats has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. It was found that nitric oxide synthesis in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats is increased compared with that in Wistar rats. A significant enhancement of the EPR signal of Hb-NO complexes in the animal blood was observed after hypoxia simulating the altitude of 5000 m above the sea level, in particular in the presence of sodium nitrite and the NO-synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine. It was assumed that NO synthesis and nitro-/nitrite- reductase systems are activated under hypoxic conditions.
Subject(s)
Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hypoxia/blood , Nitric Oxide/blood , Animals , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Hemoglobins/analysis , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The intraocular grafts of the septal or hippocampal embryonic tissues developing in the rat anterior eye chamber for three to four months were investigated by electron microscopy. The aim of this study was both the ultrastructural identification of the peripheral nervous fibers entering the grafts from host iris and the estimation of their capacity to establish true synaptic contacts with the central nervous system neurons of the grafts. The bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, surrounded by the Schwann cell cytoplasm, were observed within the perivascular spaces of the ingrowing blood vessels. In the neuropil areas of the grafts, both types of the peripheral nervous fibers were also identified. It was demonstrated on the ultrastructural level that the unmyelinated axons lost their glial envelope of the Schwann cell and formed the typical asymmetric synapses with the dendrites and dendritic spines of the grafted neurons. The results are indicative of the high morpho-functional plasticity of both parts of the nervous system.
Subject(s)
Anterior Chamber/growth & development , Anterior Chamber/innervation , Iris/growth & development , Iris/innervation , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated , Animals , Anterior Chamber/ultrastructure , Axons/ultrastructure , Dendrites/ultrastructure , Embryo, Mammalian/ultrastructure , Hippocampus/transplantation , Hippocampus/ultrastructure , Iris/ultrastructure , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/ultrastructure , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/ultrastructure , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Schwann Cells/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The effect of the new drug "cerebral" and its fractions 1-3 on the model of bilateral hemorrhagic stroke in white rats was studied with reference to the action of cebrolysin and cerebrolysate-M. With respect to the general functional state, behavioral activity restoration, and morphological data, the most pronounced antistroke action was observed for the cerebral-1 fraction. This fraction was further separated into three subfractions. The most promising test results were obtained for the 1.2 subfraction, which was selected for the further investigation.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/administration & dosage , Amino Acids/isolation & purification , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage , Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification , Administration, Intranasal , Amino Acids/chemistry , Animals , Cerebral Hemorrhage/pathology , Male , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The L-Glutamate, is dicarboxilic amino acid which plays the important role in maintenance of normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) in invertebrate and vertebrate animals. It carrying out functions of amphibolic intermediate in biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids and some nitrogenous substances. Besides, L-Glutamate acid possesses a significant role in the regulation of the bioenergetics processes that proceeding in nervous system, due to direct or indirect participations in the reactions of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, synthesis of ketone bodies and formation of glycogen. Also, L-Glutamate accepts direct participation in realization of a citrate cycle reactions, a respiratory circuit; in conversion of ammonia and it excretion from an organism. However the most important function of the L-Glutamate--its participation in the processes of nervous regulation as excitatory neuromediator in the CNS of invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/physiology , Glutamic Acid/physiology , Ammonia/metabolism , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Central Nervous System/metabolism , Glucose/biosynthesis , Glycolysis , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism , Urea/metabolismABSTRACT
In control rats, penicillin-induced epileptiform discharges were completely synchronous in the neocortex sites at a distance of up to 4 mm from each other. Number of the cells decreased by 45.5% during 90 days in isolated cortical slabs and the synchronisation disappeared. The data obtained show that the loss of large pyramidal neurones of the layer V entailed a loss of the spatial synchronisation. The main axonal collaterals of large pyramidal neurones of the layer V could be followed horizontally for a distance of up to 2 mm in the somatosensory cortex. The neuronal network formed by the large pyramidal neurones of the layer V seems to provide a spatial synchronisation in the neocortex.
