Double right triangular shape full-thickness skin grafts technique for short rectangular or square shape donor site defect - original method with a case report.

Full-thickness skin grafts are essential tools for reconstructive surgery. Rectangular or square secondary defect usually occurs after performing a cross-finger flap or homodigital island flap. With the traditional fusiform ellipse design, trimming out excess graft tissue is necessary. Double right triangular shape full-thickness skin grafts are designed to correct the problem.

Reduction in pain from corticosteroid injection for the treatment of trigger finger with subcutaneous single-injection digital block: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The pain from corticosteroid injections is not an insignificant issue for patients with trigger finger. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous single-injection digital block (SSIDB) for pain reduction during trigger finger corticosteroid injection. METHODS: Ninety patients requiring corticosteroid injections for trigger finger were randomized to three groups: SSIDB with 2 ml of 1% lidocaine, SSIDB with 1 ml of 1% lidocaine and no digital block (control group). In SSIDB groups, the intrasynovial corticosteroid injections were performed after digital nerve block. In control group, ethyl chloride spray was applied prior to intrasynovial injection of the corticosteroid and 1% lidocaine mixture. The pain during lidocaine needle insertion, lidocaine infiltration, corticosteroid needle insertion and corticosteroid infiltration were determined with a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The VAS pain scores for corticosteroid needle insertion in both SSIDB groups were significantly lower than the VAS pain scores in control group (p < 0.001). The VAS pain score during corticosteroid infiltration in 2 ml of 1% lidocaine group was significantly lower than 1 ml of 1% lidocaine group (p = 0.008), and in control group (p < 0.001). Pain during nerve block procedure in both SSIDB groups was significantly lower than the pain from corticosteroid injection in the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous single-injection digital block with 2 ml of 1% lidocaine was highly effective in reducing pain associated with injection of corticosteroid for trigger finger.