The use of bevacizumab in pediatric retinal and choroidal disease: A review.

The use of intravitreal bevacizumab in pediatric retinal and uveitic disease has become more widespread over the past decade. This article serves to outline the rationale underlying the use of intravitreal bevacizumab, and which disease entities it should be appropriately thought of as a primary or solo therapy, as opposed to an adjuvant one. Also presented is the relevant literature regarding each of these retinopathies.

Evaluation and Management of Concussion in Young Athletes.

Learning about concussion diagnosis and management is important for all individuals who will be taking care of young athletes. There are about 1.7million reported concussions per year, and, of these, about 20% are sports related. There are risks in all sports, but the highest rates of concussions are from football, rugby, and hockey, with soccer being the highest cause for girls. An on-field assessment includes evaluating airway, breathing, and circulation, followed by cervical spine assessment. Then, concussion evaluation tools can be used to aid in making the diagnosis. While concussion symptoms for the majority of youth resolve within a few weeks, some individuals may have persistence of symptoms for 3 months or more, referred to as postconcussive syndrome. Providers should consider ongoing symptoms in assessing when an athlete may safely return to sports and to learning. A major concern that has become more apparent in recent years is the possibility that concussions may have a longitudinal effect on health, such as in the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Research has shown that there is an increase in the number of patients presenting to their primary care physician with concussions. Knowing how best to prevent, diagnose, and manage concussions will help to minimize risks to young athletes.

Childhood Overweight and Obesity.

Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence and are a growing health concern. The diseases and their comorbidities have devastating consequences to children and adults as well as families, communities, and the nation. Comorbidities are cardiorespiratory, endocrinologic, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and psychosocial. Health care providers are facing this crisis with limited medical, community, and federal resources and insufficient reimbursement. This article reviews recent trends in the assessment and treatment of this disease as well as trends in reimbursement, financial implications, and the need for further research and advocacy.

Presence of Alcohol and Drugs in Hispanic Versus Non-Hispanic Youth Suicide Victims in Miami-Dade County, Florida.

This study examines the association between the presence of drugs and alcohol at time of suicide in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic youth suicide victims in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The Medical Examiner's records of 435 persons aged 24 years or younger classified as suicides in Miami-Dade County, Florida, from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed. Hispanic youth in Miami-Dade County, Florida were 1.62 times more likely than non-Hispanic youth to have used drugs and alcohol at time of suicide (OR 1.62; 95 % CI 1.07-2.04; p = 0.049). Firearm use was significantly associated with drug and alcohol use at time of death. Use of drugs and alcohol at the time of death are important risk factors for suicide in Hispanic youth.