ABSTRACT
The paper covers investigation of cytogenetic activity of chiral mutagens and their specific effects on the plant cells chromosomes of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Comparative analysis of cytogenetic activity of chiral NEU: S(+)1-N-nitroso- 1-N-methyl-3-N-sec-buthylureas (S(+)NMsBU) and R(-)1-N-nitroso- 1N-methyl-3-Nsec-buthylureas (R(-)NMsBU) on winter wheat was performed. As it was shown by the frequency of chromosomal aberrations the S(+) stereoisomer was twice more active than R(-). In addition to typical anaphase aberrations (fragments, bridges, lagging chromosomes) the numerous mitosis pathologies were revealed - K-mitoses, hyperspiralization and despiralization of chromosomes, unequal allocation of chromosomes between the daughter nuclei, mass fragmentation, nondisjunction and chromosome adhesion, three-pole mitoses, etc. Neither of the mentioned pathologies was observed under the action of NEU and gamma-rays.
Subject(s)
Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Chromosome Aberrations/drug effects , Chromosomes, Plant/drug effects , Mitosis/drug effects , Mutagens/pharmacology , Nitrosourea Compounds/pharmacology , Triticum , Cell Nucleus/genetics , Cell Nucleus/radiation effects , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Chromosomes, Plant/radiation effects , Chromosomes, Plant/ultrastructure , Gamma Rays , Mitosis/radiation effects , Mutagens/chemical synthesis , Nitrosourea Compounds/chemical synthesis , Stereoisomerism , Triticum/cytology , Triticum/drug effects , Triticum/genetics , Triticum/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Nitrosoalcoxyalkylamines are more efficient producers of nitrogen oxide in vivo than nitrosoalkylamines. Production of nitrogen oxide was monitored by EPR. The patterns of denitrosylation have been studied. The ability of the studied compounds to produce nitrogen oxide in vivo may be related to their carcinogenic and mutagenic action.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/pharmacology , Mutagens/pharmacology , Nitrogen Oxides/metabolism , Nitroso Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Citrates/pharmacology , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , Ferric Compounds/pharmacology , Liver/chemistry , Liver/drug effects , Male , Mice , Nitrogen Oxides/analysis , Nitrosation , RatsABSTRACT
Raising total positive charge of a chemical mutagen does increase its local concentration in the area of biological target-DNA, and, as a consequence, causes increase in the rate of interaction of a mutagen with the target. Experimental evidence of this idea has been obtained in three test systems: the Ames test, Trp+ reversions in Escherichia coli WP2 and in the automated "SOS-chromotest" system with E. coli PQ 37 ("Labsystems", Finland).
