[Unusually late presentation esophageal perforations and ruptures]. / Nagy idoveszteséggel felismert nyelocso-perforációk és -rupturák.

The aim of this study is to present the treatment modalities of unusual late esophageal perforations and ruptures. The reason for diagnostic delay was misinterpretation of pleural collection, overlooked sclerotherapy, foreign body extraction, and delayed recognition of the true origin of empyema after pneumonectomy. In all instances of transthoracic reinforced or temporary excluded primary repair were successful. In a 6- week-old iatrogenic perforation with localised empyema, Urschel-Ergin type exclusion with tube thoracostomy and lavage was used. In a 13-day-old rupture, and in a late postpulmonectomy perforation, Johnson type exclusion, decortication, and/or fenestration and second-stage colonic or Roux-en-Y by-pass were carried out. One patient was lost in deep sepsis for a delayed recognised transfixion esophageal injury. It is never too late to attempt to repair and salvage a perforated or ruptured healthy esophagus.

[Physiologic type reconstruction in upper gastrointestinal caustic strictures]. / A nyelés képességének helyreállítása lúgivás utáni nyelocsoszukületben.

The authors discuss their experience in the surgical treatment of caustic stenosis in the upper gastrointestinal tract. They present operative solutions using isoperistaltic transverse colonic segment in oesophageal stenosis caused by gastric outlet obstruction, or when these two presented together. Further indications for the above were bronchial or tracheo-oesophageal fistulas and oesophageal perforation. Late adaptation of the colonic grafts were measured by radiokinematography and histochemistry. The overall morbidity was 4.9%. Postoperative salivary fistulas closed spontaneously. Late postoperative complications (13.5%) were treated successfully. The multihaustral motility of the graft prevented the reflux, while the altered mucopolysaccharides of the colonic mucosa prevented the ulcer formation. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(16): 613-618.

A transhiatalis sebészet járatlan ösvényei.

Right-sided spontaneous oesophageal rupture developed two days after left pneumonectomy and vomiting. In this extremely rare emergency, we used a transhiatal approach for primary repair of the rupture, combined with right-sided pleural and mediastinal drainage, gastrostomy and feeding jejunostomy. The seven-day barium meal showed healing of the rupture. It was mandatory that contamination of the pneumonectomized left thoracic cavity during rupture closure as well as a contralateral thoracotomy with its respiratory consequences had to be avoided by all means. Reconstruction and reinforcement (with omentum) of the oesophageal wall was achieved without difficulties, but we did not mobilize the oesophagus to avoid rupture of the left-sided mediastinal pleura. After massive haematamesis, a 68-year-old man was admitted for a huge (8×5 cm) mass in the lower-posterior mediastinum at the right side of the vertebra, seen on CT scan. On the barium meal incarcerated hiatal hernia, secondary short oesophagus and intramediastinally penetrating high lesser curvature ulcer was discovered. To reduce the magnitude of intervention one-stage transhiatal approach was decided. Through enlarged hiatus, dissection of incarcerated and firmly adherent hiatal hernia and of the short oesophagus was done. The following step was the removal of an encapsulated, huge lipomatosus mass from the posterior mediastinum, extending high from behind the vertebra, arising from the lesser curvature of the stomach. The lesser curvature ulcer was excised - sutured and a Toupet type (270 posterior) fundoplication was finally carried out. The follow-up was free from recurrence. This experience suggests that for some particular lower posterior mediastinal or esophageal problems, transhiatal access seems to be a useful alternative of traditional mediastinal approaches.

[Quality assurance of rapid on-site evaluation of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules]. / A CT-vezérelt vékonytu-aspirációs citológiai vizsgálat minoségbiztosítása a tüdodaganatok diagnosztikájában.

INTRODUCTION: The methods available for the diagnosis of lung cancer include radiologic, cytologic and pathologic procedures. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the quality assurance of CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules. METHODS: Cytology results were rated to 4 categories (positive; suspicious; negative; not representative). All cytology reports were compared with the final histology diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology (63 males; 65 females; mean age 62.8 years). Smears were adequate in 99 cases and inadequate in 29 cases. The average diameter of the nodules was 3.28 cm. Thirty three (25.6%) of the cases were histologically verified and 2 falsely negative and 2 falsely positive cases were detected. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 88.8% and 88.8%, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 7 (5.4%) cases. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CT-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology has a high diagnostic accuracy and an acceptable complication rate. The auditing valves of the results meet the proposed threshold values.

[A unique reconstructive technique in a young patient after manubrial recestion in grade II chondrosarcoma]. / Egyedi mutéti megoldás fiatal férfi betegen manubriumresectio után Grade II chondrosarcomában.

OBJECTIVE: Approximately 30% of malignant, primary bone tumors are chondrosarcomas, which occur on the anterior chest wall most frequently. Patients who are treated with adequate surgical intervention recover well, 10 years survival rate is 97%. Besides the aesthetic outcome, preservation of breathing and loading are crucial. METHODS: Authors present a case of a 44-year-old male patient who worked as a sport masseur operated on Grade II chondrosarcoma of the manubrium. Concerning the age of the patient, an immediate reconstruction was carried out. The involved part of the sternum was resected with wide margins. The reconstruction was performed with Dual Mesh covered by a pedicled left sided pectoral major muscle. As a unique technique, authors used the tendons of the semitendinous and gracilis muscles to fix both claviculas together to give the proper stability and function for the shoulder girdle. RESULT: After an uneventful postoperative period the patient had a fast recovery. CONCLUSION: There are no data in the literature for such a method of fixation of the anterior chest wall. The method is suggested by the authors.

[Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy in treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhydrosis - a summary of 22 cases. A role for one day surgery in thoracic surgery?]. / Bilateralis endoscopos thoracalis sympathectomia (ETS) palmaris és axillaris hyperhydrosis esetén - 22 eset összefoglalása. Egynapos sebészeti lehetoség a mellkassebészetben?

INTRODUCTION: The procedure of the ETS is carried out by two ports, a videothoracoscop and a diathermy instrument are introduced into the pleural cavity. After the identification of the sympathetic chain, the relevant ganglia are divided or excised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 22 patient underwent bilateral video assisted thoracoscopic T2-T4 sympathectomy in a half-way sitting position for palmar and axillary hyperhydrosis between December 2008 and January 2011. RESULTS: 5 male and 17 female patients with a mean age of 39.9 years, (19-63) underwent the above procedure. The mean operation time was 36 minutes, (30-61 minutes). CONCLUSION: No postoperative complications were detected. The authors believe that two port VATS sympathectomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of hyperhydrosis even as one day surgical procedure.

Relationship between TP53 tumour suppressor gene mutations and smoking-related bulky DNA adducts in a lung cancer study population from Hungary.

Lung cancer rate in Hungary is one of the highest in the world among men and also very high among women, for reasons not clearly understood yet. The aim of the study was to explore characteristics of DNA damage and TP53 gene mutations in lung cancer from Hungary. Tissue samples from 104 lung resections for lung cancer patients, both men and women, operated on for non-small cell lung cancer, specifically, primary squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma were studied. Of the cases, 37% smoked up to the surgery, 24% stopped smoking within 1 year before the surgery, 26% stopped smoking more than a year before the surgery and 13% never smoked. TP53 mutations were detected by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis, automated capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing. Bulky DNA adduct levels were determined by (32)P-post-labelling in non-tumorous lung tissue. In total, 45% (47/104) of the cases carried TP53 mutation. The prevalence of TP53 mutations was statistically significantly associated with duration of smoking, tumour histology and gender. Smokers had approximately twice as high bulky adduct level as the combined group of former- and never-smokers (10.9 +/- 6.5 versus 5.5 +/- 3.4 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). The common base change G --> T transversion (8/43; 19%) was detected exclusively in smokers. For the first time, we demonstrate that most carriers of G --> T transversions had also a high level of bulky DNA adducts in their non-tumourous lung tissue. Our study provides evidence for a high burden of molecular alterations occurring concurrently in the lung of lung cancer patients.

DNA adducts in tumour, normal peripheral lung and bronchus, and peripheral blood lymphocytes from smoking and non-smoking lung cancer patients: correlations between tissues and detection by 32P-postlabelling and immunoassay.

Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer. This comparative study of smoking-related carcinogen-DNA adducts in pulmonary tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes aims to further explore the primary DNA damaging processes by cigarette smoke in target and surrogate tissues. Samples of tumour and normal peripheral lung tissue, normal bronchial tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from a total of 85 lung cancer patients who underwent lung resection. Bulky DNA adducts were determined by 32P-postlabelling, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts were detected by (+/-)-7beta, 8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene-DNA chemiluminescence immunoassay (BPDE-DNA CIA) in smaller subsets of tissue samples subject to availability of DNA. Bulky DNA adduct levels ranged between 0.3 and 27.8 adducts/10(8) nucleotides (nt) with mean adduct levels between 2.8 and 11.5 adducts/10(8) nt. Mean PAH-DNA adduct levels were 2.6-6.2 adducts/10(8) nt. Significantly higher bulky DNA adduct levels were detected in smokers' lungs as compared with non-smokers' (P < 0.02). PAH-DNA adduct levels appeared higher in the lungs of smokers compared with non-smokers but the difference was not significant. Lung tumour contained on average a 50% lower DNA adduct level compared with normal lung tissue. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the DNA adduct levels of the corresponding tumour and normal lung tissue samples in both smokers and non-smokers using both methodologies. Bulky DNA adduct levels in normal lung and blood lymphocytes correlated significantly in non-smokers only (r = 0.55, P = 0.023). In lung tumour DNA samples there was a weak correlation between values obtained by 32P-postlabelling and by the BPDE-DNA immunoassay (r = 0.27, P = 0.054). However, with normal lung DNA samples, values obtained by the two assays did not correlate.

[Prevention and treatment of bronchopleural fistula using pedicled muscle flaps]. / Bronchopleuralis fisztulák megelozése es kezelése nyeles izomlebeny plasztikával.

Authors used pedicled muscle flaps for prevention and treatment of bronchopleural fistulas in 55 patients. Thirty five flaps were used for prevention and 21 for treatment of bronchial stump leak. After using 19 pectoral, 18 latissimus, 10 diaphragm, 3 intercostals, 2 serratus and 4 double muscle flaps, only two flap necrosis occurred due to insufficient flap perfusion. Latissimus and diaphragm flaps were used mainly for the purpose of prevention and the pectoral flaps for the treatment of bronchopleural fistula. The authors reveal the advantages, disadvantages and indications of using different muscle flaps for different purposes. Using this technique is an essential practice in everyday thoracic surgery.