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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 8183, 2018 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29784993

ABSTRACT

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

2.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 13493, 2017 10 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29044177

ABSTRACT

Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in blood lymphocytes have been shown to be associated with overall cancer risk and aging. However, their relationship to bladder cancer risk remains to be elucidated. In a case-control study of bladder cancer in Egypt, we examined the relationship between the increased frequency of CAs in blood lymphocytes and bladder cancer risk. High frequency of CAs was significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer [adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.65-5.73]. The associations were somewhat stronger in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, OR = 4.90) than in urothelial carcinomas (UC, OR = 3.62). We also identified chromosome specific CAs for chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 19 that were significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. We observed particularly strong associations between aberrations of chromosomes 12, 13, 17 and risk of SCC (OR = 7.06, 6.91 and 6.23, respectively). CONCLUSION: increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes was significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. Overall and chromosome specific aberrations in blood lymphocytes may be a unique set of biomarkers for risk assessments of SCC and UC.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology
3.
Prev Med ; 104: 71-78, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28579496

ABSTRACT

Sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]) populations experience disparities in cigarette use, but sparse evidence exists about novel and other alternative tobacco product use. In this study, we compared rates of novel and other alternative tobacco product use, risk perceptions, and worldview between LGB and heterosexual (HET) adults. An online survey administered in 2014-2015, using a weighted probability sample of 11,525 U.S. adults, assessed awareness of tobacco products; ever and current use of e-cigarettes, cigars, little cigars and cigarillos, and hookahs; perceptions of e-cigarettes; and worldview (individualism vs. communitarianism). Bivariate and adjusted multivariable analyses were performed to determine differences between LGB and HET groups. In the adjusted analyses, LGB adults were 1.5 times more likely to have ever used e-cigarettes (95% CI 1.2-1.9) and 1.9 times more likely to have ever used hookahs (95% CI 1.5-2.4) as compared to HET adults. A lower percentage of LGB adults, as compared to HET adults (16.7% vs. 19.2%), believed that exposure to vapors from e-cigarettes was "harmful" and reported that they "did not know" of any harm (35.1% vs. 39.8%). LGB were 20% less likely than were HET adults to endorse an individualistic worldview. These results suggest that a disparity exists, whereby LGB adults are more likely to have used e-cigarettes and hookahs. In addition, although vapor from e-cigarettes contains nicotine and other chemicals, LGB adults are less likely to perceive exposure to secondhand vapor as harmful. Tailored awareness campaigns and interventions are needed to convey the risks and curb use of these products.


Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Internet , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Carcinogenesis ; 36(11): 1284-90, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26342126

ABSTRACT

Although it is widely recognized that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in cancer, the relationship between telomere function and bladder cancer risk is not well defined. In a case-control study of bladder cancer in Egypt, we examined relationships between two telomere features and bladder cancer risk. Telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to measure telomere features using short-term cultured blood lymphocytes. Logistic regression was used to estimate the strength of association between telomere features and the risk of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. High telomere length variation (TLV) across all chromosomal ends was significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer [adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48-3.35], as was long average telomere length (OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.07, 4.91). Further, TLV and average telomere length jointly affected bladder cancer risk: when comparing individuals with long telomere length and high TLV to those with short telomere length and low TLV, the adjusted OR was 14.68 (95% CI: 6.74-31.98). These associations were stronger among individuals who are 60 years of age or younger. In summary, long and heterogeneous telomere length in blood lymphocytes was strongly associated with an increased bladder cancer risk in Egyptian and the association was modulated by age.


Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/physiology , Telomere Homeostasis , Telomere/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Egypt , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors
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