ABSTRACT
In this study, the antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of Umbilicaria vellea (UME) and Xantho somloensis (XME) extracts were determined using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels against the effects of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that the frequencies of SCE, MN, and MDA level decreased, but the activities of SOD and GPx increased when 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL doses of UME and XME were added to AFB(1)-treated cultures. Also the present results indicate that strong antioxidative and the antigenotoxicity mechanisms of UME and XME are associated with its antioxidant nature.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Lichens/chemistry , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Adult , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Methanol/chemistry , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/toxicity , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
In this study, the antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of Cetraria islandica methanol (CME) extract were determined by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) assays and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels against effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that the frequencies of SCE, MN and MDA level decreased, SOD and GPx activities increased when 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL doses of CME were added to AFB1-treated cultures. Also, the present results indicate that CME has strong antioxidative and the antigenotoxicity mechanisms of CME are associated with its antioxidant nature.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Antioxidants/pharmacology , DNA Damage/drug effects , Lichens/chemistry , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Adult , Biological Products/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Humans , Malondialdehyde/blood , Methanol/pharmacology , Micronucleus Tests , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Superoxide Dismutase/bloodABSTRACT
Aflatoxins have been shown to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to different species of animals. Besides, at low concentrations, Selenium (Se(4+)) is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic while it is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic at high concentrations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Se(4+) against aflatoxin GAFG(1) (AFG(1)) on blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The results showed that at 0.4 and 0.8 parts per million (ppm) concentration of AFG(1), the frequency of SCE increased in cultured human lymphocytes. When different concentration of Se(4+) (0.08 and 8 ppm) were added to AFG(1), the frequencies of SCE decreased. Howewer, when 800 ppm concentration of Se(4+) together with 0.08 ppm AFG(1) were added to cell division inhibited in the cultures. Results suggested that Se(4+) could effectively inhibit AFG(1)-induced SCE. Besides, the protective role of Se(4+) against AFG(1)-induced SCE is probably related to its doses.
