[The morphofunctional parallels in arterial hypertension in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye paralleli pri arterial'noi gipertonii u bol'nykh khronicheskim glomerulonefritom.

A study was made of the structural rearrangement of renal tissues in intravital nephrobiopsy specimens and of the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and kallikrein-synthetic function in patients with mesangioproliferative (MSPGN) and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The morphological changes were revealed. The patients with associated MSPGN and secondary hypertension (SH) mostly demonstrated emptying and hyalinosis of arteries, whereas those with associated MPGN and SH manifested for the most part the derangement of the tubulointerstitial structures. In patients with MPGN, the levels of total renin (TR) and inactive renin (IR) were significantly higher than in those suffering from MSPGN. This can be regarded as risk factor of earlier development of SH. In MPGN patients, the content of TR and IR as well as that of active renin (AR) did not depend on the clinical pattern of chronic glomerulonephritis. As compared to MSPGN patients with isolated urinary syndrome, those with associated MSPGN and SH had a higher AR level, which agreed well with systolic and mean arterial pressure. Apparently, the latter one is implicated in the mechanism of SH in MSPGN. In associated MPGN and SH, kallikreinuria was found to be lowest, which may be the consequence of tubulointerstitial lesions. Discoordination of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein systems is likely to be one of the causes of earlier formation and severe course of SH in the morphological pattern under consideration.

[The morphofunctional parallels in arterial hypertension in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye paralleli pri arterial'noi gipertensii u bol'nykh khronicheskim glomerulonefritom.

The restructure of renal tissue in intravital nephric biopsy specimens, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone together with kallikrein synthetic functions were studied and compared in patients with mesangioproliferative and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN and MPGN). The characteristics of the morphological changes were defined. In MsPGN with secondary hypertension (SH), nephronic wasting and hyalinosis of arteries were mostly detectable whereas MPGN with SH was primarily marked by the derangement of the tubulointerstitial structures. In MPGN, the levels of total and inactive renin (TR and IR) were significantly higher than in MsPGN. This can be regarded as risk factor of early development of SH. The content of TR and IR and in addition that of active renin (AR) in MRGN did not depend on the clinical form of chronic glomerulonephritis. As compared to MsPGN with an isolated urinary syndrome, in MsPGN with SH, AR was prevalent, while its level correlated well with systolic and the mean arterial pressure. AR may be implicated in the mechanism of SH in MsPGN. In MPGN with SH, kallikreinuria was found to be extremely low, which may be consequent to tubulointerstitial injuries. The discoordination of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein system may be one of the causes of earlier formation and the grave course of SH in the morphological pattern under consideration.

[The role of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems in the development of hypertension in glomerulonephritis]. / Rol' kallikrein-kininovoi i renin-angiotenzin-al'dosteronovoi sistem v formirovanii gipertenzii pri glomerulonefrite.

A total of 74 patients with various clinicomorphological variants of glomerulonephritis (GN) were examined. Only a high activity of the enzyme kinase-1 that destroys kinins and the kallikrein inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin is a contribution of the kallikrein-kinin system made to the general antihypertensive "armoury" of the body, as shown by the study. The correlation between the kallikrein activity and the active renin/total renin ratio predetermines that kallikrein may participate in endogenous plasma renin activation in GN patients. In this case, the vasoconstrictive effect of renin may limit the antihypertensive action of kallikrein and kinins by a feedback mechanism.

[Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in glomerulonephritis]. / Izmeneniia renin-angiotenzin-al'dosteronovoi sistemy pri glomerulonefrite.

The performance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and water-salt balance was studied in 69 patients with various patterns (both clinical and morphological) of glomerulonephritis. The author revealed that the levels of total and nonactive renin in the plasma of patients prone to membranous proliferative nephritis were higher than both in controls and in the patients with mesangial proliferative disease. Though there was no difference in the levels of active renin. Besides, it was stated that the renin-angiotensin system more strongly governed the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in patients with membranous proliferative nephritis than in those who suffered from mesangial proliferative patterns of the disease. As the blood pressure levels turned to be dependent both on the levels of plasma and total renin the author established the existence of a mixed mechanism of hypertension occurrence in the patients with glomerulonephritis. Conversion of the nonactive part of renin into the active one promoted the rise of blood pressure. Therefore, in this case the increased levels of the renin nonactive fraction could be regarded as a risk factor for the occurrence of the hypertensive syndrome. The patients with glomerulonephritis enrolled in the study and 15 controls demonstrated a significant feedback correlation between the levels of total and nonactive renin as well as between the exchangeable sodium and its extracellular levels; the degree of correlation in hypertensive patients varied. It was demonstrated that hyperkalemia could be a reason for an increase in aldosterone levels observed in patients with renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[The rhythm of mucus formation in the small intestinal epithelium of rats and mice]. / Ritm slizeobrazovaniia v épitelii tonkoi kishki u krys i myshei

The diurnal rhythm of mucose formation was studied in the epithelium of villi of the small intestine in rats and mice. The total amount of goblet enterocytes on a villus as well as their amount in the basal, medial and apical areas underwent changes during the day. The period of the greatest mucose formation was noted in the night time. The process of secretion of goblet enterocytes was found to be rhythmical and to alternate with predominant accumulation and producing secretion. The mutual shift of similar processes in the phase was noted at different levels of the villi. In the medial third of the villus the corresponding state is observed later than in the basal third and earlier than in the apical one. The agreement of these processes in time permits considering the villus as a system with circadian organization. The rhythmics of mucose formation in rats and mice has certain species peculiarities: in rats there is no difference in the distribution of goblet enterocytes along the length of the villi, but the diurnal rhythm of the changes of their total amount is more pronounced.