ABSTRACT
Asymmetric sequential hydrogenations of α-methylene γ- or δ-keto carboxylic acids are established in one-pot using a bimetallic Ru/Ru catalyst system, achieving the stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of both chiral γ- and δ-lactones with two non-vicinal carbon stereocenters in high yields (up to 99%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99% ee and >20:1 dr). The compatibility of the two chiral Ru catalyst systems is investigated in detail, and it is found that the basicity of the reaction system plays a key role in the sequential hydrogenation processes. The protocol can be performed on a gram-scale with a low catalyst loading (up to 11000 S/C) and the resulting products allow for many transformations, particularly for the synthesis of several key intermediates useful for the preparation of chiral drugs and natural products.
ABSTRACT
A PdII -catalyzed oxidative tandem cyclization was developed for the construction of fused 5,6-bicyclic N, O-heterocycles. This reaction was enabled by the combined use of a 3-methylpyridine ligand and pentafluorobenzoic acid additive. A range of heterocyclic products with different substituents could be prepared in moderate to good yields via this methodology. Several transformations, including a scaled-up preparation of productâ 2 a, were also carried out showing the good applicability of our methodology.
ABSTRACT
We have developed an asymmetric aza-Wacker-type cyclization of N-Ts hydrazine-tethered tetrasubstituted olefins, affording optically active pyrazolines bearing chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. This reaction is tolerant to a broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions, giving the desired chiral products with high enantioselectivities. Generation of two vicinal stereocenters on the CâC double bonds was also achieved with high selectivities, a process which has been rarely studied for Wacker-type reactions. A mechanistic study revealed that this aza-Wacker-type cyclization undergoes a syn-aminopalladation process. It was also found that for substrates bearing two linear alkyl substituents on the outer carbon atom of the olefin, both of which are larger than a methyl group, the alkyl substituent that is cis to the intranucleophilic group participates more readily in ß-hydride elimination. When one of the two alkyl substituents on the outer carbon atom of the olefin is a methyl group, ß-hydride elimination proceeds selectively at the methylene side, thus both diastereomers can be prepared via switching the configuration of the olefin. Furthermore, the product can be converted to a pharmaceutical compound in high yields over three steps.
ABSTRACT
A Pd(II)/Pyrox-catalyzed enantioselecitve addition of arylboronic acids to 3-ketimino oxindoles was developed, providing chiral 3-amino-2-oxindoles with a quaternary stereocenter in high yields and with good enantioselectivities. A variety of functionalized 3-ketimino oxindoles can be used, and the method tolerates some variation in arylboronic acid scope. This asymmetric arylation provides an alternative efficient catalytic method for the preparation of chiral 3-aryl-3-amino-2-oxindoles, which also represents the first example of a Pd(II)-catalyzed addition of arylborons to exocyclic ketimines.
Subject(s)
Boronic Acids/chemistry , Imines/chemistry , Indoles/chemical synthesis , Isatin/chemistry , Nitriles/chemistry , Palladium/chemistry , Catalysis , Indoles/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Oxindoles , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
A palladium-catalyzed intramolecular isoindolinone-forming aminooxygenation of alkenes with 1 atm of oxygen as oxidant is reported. A variety of functionalized alkenes and carboxylic acids can be used, and high yields were observed. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the aminooxygenation products were formed through the oxidation of a C-Pd(II) species using a strong oxidant, peroxide, which is generated in situ from a Pd(OAc)2/bpy/O2/HOAc catalytic system.