Anémie chez les donneurs de sang volontaires après vérification de l'hémoglobine pré-don au Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de Libreville / Anemia in voluntary blood donors after verification of pre-donation hemoglobin at the Libreville Blood Transfusion Center

Introduction : La nécessité de disposer de produits sanguins labiles (PSL) de qualité est un impératif de la transfusion sanguine. Le don de sang n'est pas sans risque pour le donneur. Ce qui soulève la question de la perte de fer par spoliation sanguine. Ce constat a conduit à la réalisation de cette étude dans le but de rechercher l'anémie chez le donneur de sang volontaire jugé apte après évaluation de l'hémoglobine pré-don et d'en déterminer la cause. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective réalisée au Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) de Libreville. La population d'étude était constituée de donneurs de sang, nouveaux ou anciens, volontaires en bonne santé chez qui les examens suivant ont été réalisés pour le diagnostic de l'anémie et celui de la carence en fer tout en excluant d'autre étiologies: l'hémogramme, le dosage de la Protéine C Réactive (CRP), le fer sérique, la ferritine, l'hepcidine et le test de diagnostic du paludisme (TDR).Résultats : Sur l'ensemble des deux cent quinze volontaires inclus, trente - quatre (15,8%) présentaient une anémie parmi lesquels douze femmes et vingt- deux hommes d'un âge moyen de 32,8 ±8,0. Le nombre de dons effectués était corrélé à la survenue de l'anémie selon le genre et l'âge du donneur. Il en a été de même pour les valeurs de la ferritine, du fer sérique.Conclusion : Le nombre important d'anémie est lié à un seuil bas de l'hémoglobine pré-don. Le caractère microcytaire hypochrome de l'anémie laisse supposer une origine ferriprive.

Introduction: The need to have quality labile blood products (LBP) is an imperative of blood transfusion. Blood donation is not without risk for the donor. This raises the question of the loss of iron by blood spoliation. This finding led to the realization of this study with the aim of looking for anemia in voluntary blood donors deemed suitable after evaluation of the pre-donation hemoglobin and to determine the cause.Patients and methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) in Libreville. The study population consisted of blood donors, new or old, healthy volunteers in whom the following examinations were carried out for the diagnosis of anemia and that of iron deficiency while excluding other etiologies: blood count, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum iron, ferritin, hepcidin and malaria diagnostic test (RDT). Results: Of the two hundred and fifteen volunteers included, thirty-four (15.8%) presented anemia, including twelve women and twenty-two men with an average age of 32.8 ±8.0. The number of donations made was correlated with the occurrence of anemia according to the sex and age of the donor. It was the same for the values of ferritin, serum iron. Conclusion: The large number of anemia is linked to a low threshold of pre-donation hemoglobin. The hypochromic microcytic character of the anemia suggests an iron deficiency origin.

Malaria after chemotherapy for hematological malignancies.

The treatment of cancer, whether a solid tumor or a malignant hemopathy, is accompanied by bouts of infection, the severity and prognosis of which are often correlated to the patient's immune status. In Gabon, where the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is perennial, the prevalence - around 36% in Libreville - increases in older children and adults. Few authors have described the involvement of this parasite during fever after chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. This work reports three cases of malaria including two severe and one with neutropenia occurring in patients treated for hematological neoplasms.

Anticoagulant-induced pseudothrombocytopenia after a plasmodium falciparum infection in a five-year-old child.

Pseudothrombocytopenia or artefactual thrombocytopenia is an abnormally low number of platelets due to their agglutination in a sample tube, with no ex vivo clinical translation. It occurs in ethylene diamine tetraacetic (EDTA) test tubes. Non-EDTA anticoagulants, such as citrate, fluoride oxalate, and heparin lithium, may be responsible for it, alone or in combination. It can occur in patients with autoimmune diseases, neoplasia, atherosclerosis, liver disease, or infections. We report the case of a 5-year-old child, who after falciparum malaria showed persistent thrombocytopenia. Further exploration has led to the conclusion of pseudothrombocytopenia due to three anticoagulants: EDTA, citrate, and fluoride oxalate.

[Can venous iron and tranexamic acid reduce the transfusion need? Report on a non randomized, case control study]. / L'association fer intraveineux et acide tranexamique permet-elle de réduire le besoin transfusionnel ? Une étude comparative non randomisée.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if the association of injectable iron and tranexamic acid allows a significant saving in transfusion, in cases of myomectomies and hysterectomies. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This is a prospective, non randomized study done over 8 months (from January 2013 to August 2013). Were included, patients undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy who had a hemoglobin level greater than or equal to 8g/dl and less than 12g/dl. Two groups were compared: group A consisting of patients for whom a pack red cells was ordered and the group B which patients received intravenous iron preoperatively and tranexamic acid perioperatively. The level of hemoglobin, pre- and postoperative, the average number of blood units per patient and estimated blood loss was compared. The transfusion economy was evaluated. RESULTS: During this period, 87 patients with a mean age of 40±9 years (range: 23 and 70years) were included according to our criteria: 44 patients in group A and 43 patients in group B. Initial mean hemoglobin in both groups was 9.1±0.7g/dl. In group B, after iron administration, the mean hemoglobin was 11.3±0.7g/dl. The average number of red blood cells received intraoperative patient in group A was 1.54±0.51. The estimated blood loss was significant greater (P=0.0002) in group A (571.6±237.1ml) than in group B (213.7±131.7ml). No transfusion was performed in group B. CONCLUSION: The association intravenous iron and tranexamic acid resulted in the reduction of transfusion requirements in our setting. It could be integrated in the strategy for sparing blood transfusion in scheduled surgery with hemorrhagic risks.

Genital Mycoplasma infections and their resistance phenotypes in an African setting.

We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibilities of mycoplasmas in Gabonese men and women. A total of 1,332 men and women were included in the study. Sperm, urine, ureteral or vaginal swabs were collected from the subjects. Mycoplasmas identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, josamycin, pristinamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were tested using the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit. 794 subjects were positive for Mycoplasma. Respectively, 1.6 % and 82.24 % of subjects were singly infected with M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and 15.87 % had a mixed infection. M. hominis isolates were resistant to erythromycin and had an intermediate (I) to resistant (R) profile to azithromycin and clarithromycin. 84.6 % of M. hominis strains were sensitive (S) to josamycin and pristinamycin. 30.8 % and 92.3 % of M. hominis strains were sensitive to tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. 76.9 and 84.6 % of M. hominis isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. The sensitivity rates of U. urealyticum strains were 45.23 %, 47.7 %, 63.84 %, 90.8 % and 92 % for azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, pristinamycin and josamycin, respectively. U. urealyticum strains showed 62.2 % and 79.7 % sensitivity to tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The resistance rates to azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin for samples with mixed infection were 72.8 %, 84.7 % and 85.6 %, respectively. Josamycin and pristinamycin were 81.5 % effective on samples with mixed infection. The sensitivity rates of samples with mixed infection to tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 32 %, 69.6 %, 8.9 % and 18.5 %, respectively. Sub-Saharan Africa needs to use antibiotics rationally, as falling to do so would compromise the management of infectious diseases.

Evaluation of blood donors questionnaire in a developing country: The case of Gabon.

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is a life-saving therapeutic act without alternative. Each blood transfusion carries the risk of blood-borne pathogens transmission. The present study, is the first establishing the usefulness of blood donors screening questionnaire in the setting of the Gabonese National Blood Transfusion Center. STUDY DESIGN: Nine hundred and thirty-four blood donors aged between 18 and 48 years old were initially enrolled and submitted to physical examination (body-mass index and blood pressure). After physical examination 854 donors were judged fit for blood donation and were randomly distributed in two groups. The first group of donors did not take the screening questionnaire; whereas the second group went through the screening questionnaire. Both groups were then tested for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis. RESULTS: Data revealed a seroprevalence among the donors of 2.5%, 2.5%, 1.1%, and 3.3% for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis markers respectively. In the Gabonese setting, blood donors' screening questionnaire reduced respectively by 0.6%, 0.35% and 1.3% the proportion of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and treponema pallidum seroreactive donors being selected for donation. The questionnaire had no positive effect on discriminating human immunodeficiency virus positive donors. CONCLUSION: Blood donors' seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens is relatively important in our setting. Blood donors' screening questionnaire reduced the proportion of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis seropositive blood donors. The questionnaire did not effectively discriminate human immunodeficiency virus-infected donor candidates.