Effect of acute lipopolysaccharide administration on (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2 aminopropane-induced wet dog shake behavior in rats: comparison with body weight change and locomotor activity.

1. Several reports have shown that serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor density and its function are altered after physiological or pharmacological stress. To examine whether an acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, affected 5-HT2A receptor function, wet dog shakes of male Wistar rats were observed after a subcutaneous injection of DOI, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist following LPS treatment. Body weight change and locomotor activity were also observed. 2. DOI (1 mg/kg)-induced WDS significantly decreased after 400 or 1000 microg/kg LPS treatment compared with that of control rats 1 and 3 hr after injection, and WDS completely recovered 8 hr after LPS treatment. Treatment with 10 mg/kg indomethacin (IND) or 1 mg/kg naltrexone (NLTX) canceled the effect of 400 microg/kg LPS on DOI-induced WDS. 3. Body weight decrease was significantly greater in LPS-treated rats compared with control rats 3, 5 and 8 hr after treatment. Treatment with IND (10 mg/kg) significantly recovered the reduction in body weight induced by 400 microg/kg LPS. Treatment with NLTX (1 mg/kg) also prevented the LPS effect on body weight decrease. 4. Eight hr after treatment with LPS (400 microg/kg), the rats showed significant attenuation of locomotor activity. IND (10 mg/kg) treatment abolished the inhibitory effect of LPS on locomotor activity, and NLTX (1 mg/kg) also improved the decrease in locomotion 8 hr after LPS treatment. 5. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentration dramatically increased 1 hr after the injection of 400 microg/kg LPS, and returned almost to the basal level 3 hr later. Next, rats were injected with 50 microg/kg TNF-alpha intraperitoneally, and body weight change and DOI-induced WDS was determined 3 hr after TNF-alpha injection. Body weight loss was significantly greater in rats treated with TNF-alpha. On the other hand, DOI-induced WDS was not altered when rats were treated with TNF-alpha. 6. These results suggest that acute treatment with LPS inhibited 5-HT2A receptor-mediated behavior via cyclooxygenase and opioid receptor activation, but that the inhibition of the WDS by LPS appears to be independent of TNF-alpha production.

[Pitfall of postoperative right gastroepiploic artery angiogram].

Postoperative angiogram of the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) often revealed a complication as a 'string sign' or 'competition phenomenon'. Inadequate evaluation of the string sign or competition phenomenon was encountered in this study. In a 62-year-old male, an angiogram using a low-dose contrast medium showed a string sign of the RGEA, but a high-dose contrast medium demonstrated an adequate diameter of the RGEA with good flow. In a 68-year-old male, celiac artery angiograms showed the occlusion of the RGEA, although super selective angiograms indicated the RGEA to be patent. Adequate evaluation of the RGEA should include a super-selectiveangiograms.

Risperidone treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive extrapyramidal symptoms.

Tardive extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by neuroleptic treatment, and particularly EPS which persist after withdrawal of the drugs, are clinically serious problems. We describe a patient with four types of tardive and persistent EPS such as dystonia, dyskinesia, choreatic movement and myoclonus, induced by haloperidol. These EPS were remarkably inhibited by 3 mg/day risperidone. This is the first published case demonstrating simultaneous development of these four types of tardive EPS induced by a neuroleptic and then reduced by low-dose risperidone treatment. ( Int J Psych Clin Pract 2000; 4: 241 - 243).